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| the characteristic thoughts, emotional responses, and behaviors that are relatively stable in an individual over time and across circumstances |
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| personality tests that examine unconscious thought processes by having people interpret ambiguous stimuli (ex. Rorschach inkbot test, Thematic Apperception Test called TAT) |
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| relatively direct assessments of personality, usually based on information gathered through self-report questionnaires or observer ratings (ex. Trait inventory) |
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| a method used to analyze the unconscious mind through interpreting the manifest and latent contents of dreams |
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| a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing |
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| Repression, Regression, and Reaction Formation |
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| banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings and memories from consciousness |
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| leads an individual faced with anxiety to revert to a more infantile psychosexual stage |
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| causes the ego to unconsciously switch unacceptable impulses into their opposites (i.e., feelings of purity when feeling anxious over unconscious feelings about sex) |
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| the instincts that motivate and regulate human behavior |
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| a general life instinct made up of life-preserving and sexual drives |
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| a death instinct which involves aggressive and destructive drives |
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| Personality is formed during life's few years (Oral, Anal, Phallus, Latency, Genital) |
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| the infant's libidinal energy centers on the mouth, lips and tongue and gains satisfaction from sucking and biting |
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| centers on the anus and elimination; people are anal-retentive or anal-repulsive if they have fixation from this stage |
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| Oedipus Complex – jealousy & hatred toward father from boys; Electra Complex for girls |
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| children have no interest in the opposite sex |
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| may result from overindulgence or frustration of the child's needs; the child will exhibit this later in life |
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| a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories |
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| Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, Extroversion, Agreeableness |
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| Imaginative vs. Practical, Preference for variety vs. Preference for routine, Independent vs. Conforming |
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| Organized vs. Disorganized, Careful vs. Careless, Disciplined vs. Impulsive; rises over time and increases most during 20's (maturing, managing jobs, relationships, etc.) |
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| Emotional stability vs. emotional instability: Calm vs. Anxious, Secure vs. Insecure, Self-satisfied vs. Self-Pitying |
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| Having an energetic approach towards the outside world: Sociable vs. Retiring, Fun-loving vs. Sober, Affectionate vs. Reserved |
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| Trusting vs. Suspicious, Helpful vs. Uncooperative, Soft-hearted vs. Ruthless; increases most during 30's and continues to increase over 60's |
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| What Big Five traits wane in early and middle adulthood? |
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| Emotional instability, extroversion and openness |
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People often behave less predictably than expected in various situations
Traits aren't good predictors of behavior |
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| Are the Big Five meaningful in other cultures? |
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| These traits are roughly common across cultures, but different cultures don't necessarily generate the Big Five as salient traits |
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| Searched for biological differences between introverts and extroverts |
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| Do animals show the Big Five? |
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| Animals may display consistent individual differences in behaviors; evidence of traits similar to extraversion, neuroticism and agreeableness found in most species |
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| self-important, self-focused, self-promoting, poor relations with others |
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| Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NTI) |
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| 40-item forced-choice format personality questionnaire |
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| If you score high on the NTI, you... |
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Are especially active in social networking websites
Collect more superficial “friends”
Have more staged, glamorous photos
Appear more narcissistic to others |
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