Term
| What was the design of Farrington's study? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were the participants in Farrington's study? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many participants had criminal convictions in Farrington's study and at what age did it peak? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many participants in Farrington's study were chronic offenders? |
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Definition
7% accounted for half of the officially recorded offenses in this study
On average their criminal careers lasted from 14-35 years old |
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Term
| What were the common characteristics shared by the chronic offenders on Farrington's study? |
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Definition
a convicted parent
high daring
delinquent sibling
young mother
low popularity
disrupted family
large family size |
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Term
| Describe Suntherland's theory of differental association |
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Definition
Criminal behaviour is learned through interaction with others mostly within intimate personal groups
Certain groups may see laws as pointless and feel they can flaunt them
Individuals become criminals because of repeated contact with criminal activity |
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Term
| What two basic assumptions is Suntherland's theory based on? |
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Definition
Devience occurs when people define a certain situation as an appropiate occasion for violating social norms or criminal laws
Definitions of the situation are acquired through an individual's history of past experience |
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Term
| Who were the Participants in Wikstrom and Tafel's study? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the key findings in Wikstrom and Tafel's study |
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Definition
44.8% of males and 30.6 of females had commited a crime during the year 2000, 9.8% (m) and 3.8% (f) of these were serious crimes
Offenders are victimised more than non-offenders and are more often drunk and use drugs than non offenders |
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Term
| What were the 5 explanatory factors in Wikstrom and Tafel's study? |
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Definition
family social postition
individual characteristics - most important
social situation
lifestyles and routine activities
community contexts |
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Term
| What did Wikstrom and Tafel find the key risk factors to be |
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Definition
weak family and school bonds
poor parental monitoring
truancy
weak morality
poor self control |
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Term
| According to Wikstrom and Tafel, what are the three groups of adolescent offenders? |
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Definition
propensity-induced
lifestyle-dependent
situationally-limited |
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