Term
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Definition
| 10,000 to 6,000 years ago |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| land clearance and the demarcation of distinct territories |
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Term
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Definition
| fixed settlements and major building projects |
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Term
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Definition
| end of the natural order of things |
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Term
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Definition
| origins of the modern world |
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Term
| did farming lead to an easier lifestyle? |
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Definition
■ a greater input of labor to:
→clear the land
→ sow crops
→ control and protect animal populations
→ harvest and store the products
■ depending on a smaller range of resources (which brings the risk
of famine and war) |
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Term
| Distinguishing characteristics of early cities: |
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Definition
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Term
| Distinguishing characteristics of early cities: |
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Definition
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Term
| Distinguishing characteristics of early cities: |
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Definition
| Specialization of occupations |
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Term
| Distinguishing characteristics of early cities: |
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Definition
| Specialization of occupations |
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Term
| Distinguishing characteristics of early cities: |
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Definition
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Term
| Distinguishing characteristics of early cities: |
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Definition
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Term
| Distinguishing characteristics of early cities: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ancient Mesopotamian writing on clay tablets |
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Term
| where were homes located in ancient cities |
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Definition
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Term
| was sunlight important in ur? |
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Definition
showing morning
sunlight conditions
in a residential
quarter in Ur |
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Term
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Definition
| imaginary christian ruler in central africa |
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Term
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Definition
| western interpretation of great zimbabwe |
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Term
| how was great zimbabwe constructed? |
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Definition
Granite walls of Great
Zimbabwe constructed
of naturally “exfoliated”
stone blocks |
|
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Term
| were there only granite bricks at great zimbabwe? |
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Definition
| no, these bricks meshed with natural large stones |
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Term
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Definition
| located in great zimbabwe |
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Term
| What was the purpose of these stone enclosures? |
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Definition
Archaeologists agree that the tall enclosure walls served a
symbolic purpose, separating the royal elite from the common
people and thereby emphasizing their status and power. |
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Term
| Great Zimbabwe in a nutshell: |
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Definition
urban center for a vast trade network that stretched from Africa
to China |
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Term
| Great Zimbabwe in a nutshell: |
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Definition
| flourished from about 1250 to 1450 C.E. |
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Term
| Great Zimbabwe in a nutshell: |
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Definition
the settlement consisted of three general areas: a hill complex (in
stone), valley complex (in stone), and the outer valley (primarily
temporary huts where most of the city’s inhabitants lived) |
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Term
| Great Zimbabwe in a nutshell: |
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Definition
| constructed by the ancestors of the Shona people |
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Term
| Great Zimbabwe in a nutshell: |
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Definition
part of a broad network of similar sites located on the
Zimbabwean plateau (Great Zimbabwe was the largest) |
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Term
| Great Zimbabwe in a nutshell: |
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Definition
function of the stone enclosures is still debated, but they were
probably all royal residences which shifted location over time |
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Term
| what culture influenced the aztecs and mayans greatly but has little archaeological records? |
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Definition
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Term
| did mesoamericans have writing? |
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Definition
| yes mayans had hieroglyphics and calendar |
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Term
| was baseball an important game for mesoamericans? |
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Definition
| yes culturally and symbolically |
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Term
| ancient pyramids served what symbolic purpose? |
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Definition
| spectacle/ pointing to heavens |
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Term
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Definition
The Aztec believed that the landscape was bound by the four
cardinal directions. |
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Term
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Definition
They thus divided their cities into four quarters, and they
raised a two-temple pyramid at the heart of each city. |
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Term
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Definition
The duality of the pyramid represented and materialized the
duality of forces that ruled the universe (male/female;
good/evil, darkness/light, life/death). |
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Term
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Definition
Duality and the four directions were thus an integral part of
the institutions, plan, and architecture of Tenochtitlan. |
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Term
| what important motif inspired aztec life? |
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Definition
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Term
| which ancient group planned their city on the sun's movement |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Under the Emperor Ashoka (ruled 269-232 B.C.E.), the form of
the stupa spread throughout India and became the dominant
symbol of Buddhism. |
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Term
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Definition
Stupas are semi-circular mounds covering the remains of a
great leader or teacher |
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Term
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Definition
These relics are inaccessible, but their location within the
mound is marked by a pillar. |
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Term
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Definition
● It is the relics rather than the monuments that contain them
that are the focus of devotion at such sites. |
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Term
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Definition
For the believer, the stupa embodies and continues the Buddha’s
spiritual essence. |
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Term
| symbolic qualities of stupa? dome |
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Definition
| nirvana: freedom from worldly desire and suffering |
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Term
| symbolic qualities of stupa? chatras |
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Definition
| bodhi tree and the three jewels of enlightenment |
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Term
| symbolic qualities of stupa? harmika |
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Definition
| potential for transformation |
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Term
| symbolic qualities of stupa? yasti |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
contain the physical remains (relics) of a great leader or
teacher |
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Term
|
Definition
contain personal belongings of the Buddha or his
disciples (e.g. begging bowl) |
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Term
| stupa types: Commemorative |
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Definition
erected to commemorate an important event
or place in the life of the Buddha |
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Term
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Definition
remind Buddhists of the invisible presence of the
Buddha and his teachings. This type is found in Buddhist
cave sanctuaries |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
9th century king of Cambodia, founder of the Khmer
Empire |
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Term
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Definition
subdued competing Khmer states and declared
himself the sole ruler of a unified empire in 802 C.E. |
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Term
|
Definition
established a royal linga-worshiping cult, associating
the king with the Hindu god Shiva |
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Term
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Definition
the linga-cult would remain central to Angkorian
kingship, religion, art and architecture for centuries |
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Term
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Definition
based his capital near the modern town of Roluos,
near Siem Reap |
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Term
| did the forbidden city use an axis in organization |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| great hall of the Grecian palace complexes |
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Term
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Definition
| ● follows the collapse of Mycenaean civilization |
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Term
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Definition
| ● people struggle to survive |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| trade/contact with other cultures ceases |
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Term
| The Geometric Period (c. 1000-700 B.C.E.) |
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Definition
| Hellenic culture begins to emerge |
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Term
| The Geometric Period (c. 1000-700 B.C.E.) |
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Definition
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Term
| The Geometric Period (c. 1000-700 B.C.E.) |
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Definition
| metalworking revives, long-distance trade resumes |
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Term
| The Geometric Period (c. 1000-700 B.C.E.) |
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Definition
| ● development of the polis (city-state) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| of or relating to greek culture |
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Term
| The Archaic Period (c. 600-478 B.C.E.) |
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Definition
| ● flourishing of architecture and art |
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Term
| The Archaic Period (c. 600-478 B.C.E.) |
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Definition
civic pride results in new civic structures (e.g. agora) and
monumental temples |
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Term
| The Archaic Period (c. 600-478 B.C.E.) |
|
Definition
| ● founding of Athenian democracy in 508 B.C.E. |
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Term
| The Archaic Period (c. 600-478 B.C.E.) |
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Definition
| Persian wars from 499 to 479 B.C.E. |
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Term
| The Classical Period (c. 478-337 B.C.E.) |
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Definition
| ● Athens becomes the leading polis in Greece under Pericles |
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Term
| The Classical Period (c. 478-337 B.C.E.) |
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Definition
great optimism and a surge of creativity follows the victory
over the Persians |
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Term
| The Classical Period (c. 478-337 B.C.E.) |
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Definition
rebuilding of the Acropolis (sacked by the Persians in 480
B.C.E.) |
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Term
| where are greek temples supposed to be experienced from? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| dedicated to Athena, the goddess of the city |
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Term
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Definition
the symbol of the dawn of a golden age for Athens, an age
that believed that human progress and social institutions
could create a perfect society |
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Term
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Definition
Athenians saw their city as a role model for all other
Greeks |
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Term
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Definition
| in Greece, free men ruled together with the gods |
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Term
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Definition
The Acropolis emerges as a complex site, with multiple
programmatic and sacred purposes. It was a site that preserved the
city’s history, honored it patron goddess, and celebrated the
greatness of the people, who were unified in the Panathenaic
festival. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Didyma was an ancient Greek sanctuary on the coast of Ionia. It contained a temple and oracle of Apollo, the Didymaion. |
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