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| the networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively. |
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| an organized group that tries to influence public policy. |
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| the theory that public policies are the result of narrowly defined exchanges among political actors |
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| the tendency to form small-scale associations for the public good. |
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| the theory (by David B. Truman) that interest groups form in part to counteract the efforts of other groups. |
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| the theory that political power is distributed among a wide array of diverse and competing interest groups. |
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| (general public concern) an organization that seeks a collective good that will not selectively and materially benefit group members. |
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a group with the primary purpose of promoting the financial interests of its members.
They exist to make profits and to obtain economic benefits for their members. |
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| Political Action Committees (PAC) |
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| federally regulated, officially registered fund-raising committee that represents interest groups in the political process. |
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| interest group representative who seeks to influence legislation that will benefit his or her organization or client through political persuasion. |
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| Person who finance groups. |
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Something of value that cannot be withheld from a nonmember of a group.
Example: tax write-off or better environment. |
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| People don't join because they don't get the benefits, collective goods from the group if they don't put effort in. |
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| The citizens eligible to vote |
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A command, indicated by an
electorate’s votes, for the elected
officials to carry out a party
platform or policy agenda. |
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| a voter’s evaluation on the performance of the party in power. |
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| a voter’s evaluation of a candidate based on what he or she pledges to do about an issue if elected. |
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Election in which voters decide
which of the candidates within a
party will represent the party in the
general election. |
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A primary election in which only a
party’s registered voters are eligible
to cast a ballot. |
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A primary election in which party
members, independents, and sometimes
members of the other party are
allowed to participate. |
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Participation in the primary election
of a party with which the voter is
not affiliated. |
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| an organized attempt by voters of one party to influence the primary results of the other party. |
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A second primary election between
the two candidates receiving the
greatest number of votes in the first
primary. |
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| primary election in which all candidates for the same elected office, regardless of respective political party, run against each other at once, instead of being segregated by political party. |
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Election in which voters decide
which candidates will actually fill
elective public offices. |
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An election that allows citizens
to propose legislation or state
constitutional amendments by
submitting them to the electorate
for popular vote. |
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An election whereby the state legislature
submits proposed legislation
or state constitutional amendments
to the voters for approval. |
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| a proposed system in which the country would be divided into five or six geographical areas and all states in each region would hold their presidential primary elections on the same day. |
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The tendency of states to choose
an early date on the nomination
calendar. |
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| a traditional party practice under which the majority of a state delegation can force the minority |
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| delegate slot to the Democratic party’s national convention that is reserved for an elected party official. |
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| Representatives of each state who cast the final ballots that actually elect a president. |
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| member of the elector college chosen by methods determined in each state. |
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| shifting of party coalition groupings in the electorate that remains in place for several elections. |
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| an election that signals a party realignment through voter polarization around new issues. |
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| The gradual rearrangement of party coalitions, based more on demographics shifts than on shocks to political systems. |
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| the deliberate rearrangement of the boundaries of congressional districts to influence the outcome of elections. |
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| Election in the United States in which members of the united states congress and some legislatures and governors are elected. |
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| the number of people attending or taking part in an event, especially the number of people voting in an election. |
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| the part of a political campaign aimed at winning a primary election. |
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| General Election Campaign |
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| the part of a political campaign aimed at winning a general election. |
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| part of a political campaign concerned with presenting the candidates' public image |
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| part of the campaign involved in fund-raising, literature distribution, and all other activities not directly involving the candidate/ |
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| part of a political campaign in which the candidate reaches out to voters, in person or via the media, to create a positive impression and gain votes. |
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| the process by which a campaign reaches the individual voters, either by door-to-door solicitation or by telephone. |
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| a push at the end of a political campaign to encourage supporters to go to the polls. |
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| the individual who travels with the candidate and coordinates the many different aspects of the campaign. |
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| a private sector professional who sells to a candidate the technologies, services, and strategies required to get the candidate elected. |
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| a professional who coordinates the fund-raising efforts of the campaign. |
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| a professional who takes public opinion surveys that guide political campaigns. |
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| a professional who supervises a political campaign’s direct mail fund-raising strategies. |
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| the person who develops the overall media strategy for the candidate, blending free press coverage with paid TV, radio, and mail media. |
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| the individual charged with interacting and communicating with journalists on a daily basis. |
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| a professional who produces candidates’ television, radio, and print advertisements. |
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| political advertisements purchased for a candidate’s campaign. |
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| coverage of a candidate’s campaign by the news media. |
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| advertising on behalf of a candidate that stresses the candidate’s qualification, family, and issue positions, without reference to the opponent |
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| advertising on behalf of a candidate that attacks the opponent’s platform or character. |
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| ad that compares the records and proposals of the candidates with a bias towards the sponsor. |
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| television advertising on behalf of a candidate that is broadcast in sixty, thirty, or ten second duration. |
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| forum in which political candidates face each other to discuss their platforms, records, and character. |
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| donations from the general tax revenues to the campaigns of qualifying presidential candidates. |
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| legally specified and limited contributions that are clearly regulated by the Federal Election Campaign Act and by the Federal Election Commission |
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| nonprofit and unregulated interest groups that focus on specific causes or policy positions and attempt to influence voters. |
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