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Unit IV
Term I: Pharm FINAL (FSCJ)
48
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
04/29/2011

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Cards

Term
What is the drug class for gentamicin (Garamycin)?
Definition
Aminoglycoside
Term
What is the action of Aminoglycoside?
Definition
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis: this is used for serious, hard to treat infections
Term
What are the indications for Aminoglycosides? (Garamycin)
Definition
Gram negative bacteria
Term
What are the adverse effects/side of Garamycin, an Aminoglycoside?
Definition
nephrotoxicity;
ototoxicity: tinnitus, vertigo, hearing loss (CN VIII)
Term
What are the nursing interventions for Garmycin, an Aminoglycoside?
Definition
Weight client and obtain baseline renal function studies prior to therapy;
monitor urine output for amount, specific gravity, urinalysis, BUN, Creatinine, creatinine clearance;
Encourage fluids;
Teach client to call MD if rash, fever, perineal itching is noted;
Evaluate client's hearing before and during therapy.
Monitor for super infection: white patches in mouth, GI upset, massive diarrhea which may lead to C-DIFF
Term
Aminoglycoside has narrow therapeutic window, so what will need to be monitored?
Definition
peaks (highest blood plasma concentration) and troughs (lowest)
Term
Watch for allergic reaction with first dose of penicillin IV. What else might they be allergic to?
Definition
Cephalosporin
Term
Teaching/nursing interventions for Tetracyclines?
Definition
not given to pregnant people;
permanent staining of teeth <8;
not given with iron, dairy, need sunblock;
becomes toxic with expiration
Term
What will happen to effectiveness of birth control pills with oral antibiotic?
Definition
decreases effectiveness
Term
What is the class of choice for someone allergic to penicillin?
Definition
Macrolides
Term
What antibiotic is used to treat respiratory and urinary?
Definition
Fluoroquinolones and
Sulfonamides
Both can cause crystal urea so force fluids (2 L/day) unless contraindicated.
Term
What are nursing interventions for most antibiotics?
Definition
monitor WBC; temperature; source of infection; take entire prescription;
Term
What is a urinary analgesic used for?
Definition
a dye used to coat the urethra and decrease the pain associated with UTIs
Term
What is a prototype drug for urinary analgesics?
Definition
Pyridium
Term
What do you need to teach with urinary analgesics?
Definition
Will turn urine a brownish-orange and stain underwear. Does NOT treat any bacteria that may be present; need to get UA done; can be toxic to liver (only on this for 3-4 days); force fluids
Term
What are the urinary antiseptics used for?
Definition
chronic UTIs; low dose antibiotics
Term
What are teachings with urinary antiseptics?
Definition
good hygiene; wiping front to back; frequent urination;
Term
What drug class treat HIV/AIDs?
Definition
Antiretrovirals
Term
What are the 3 subclasses of antiretrovirals?
Definition
Reverse Transcriptas Inhibitors
Protease Inhibitors
Fuseon Inhibitors
Term
What is mechanism of action for reverse transcriptase inhibitors? (Antiretrovirals)
Definition
will stop new growth but can’t change existing cells so used in early viral replication
Term
What is mechanism of action for protease inhibitors?
Definition
block protease; useful in late viral replication
Term
What is mechanism of action for fuseon inhibitors?
Definition
newest one on market. Bind to viral particles and prevent them from adhering to CD4 cells
Term
What are the 2 subgroups of reverse transcriptase inhibitors?
Definition
nucleoside analogues
non-nucleoside analogues
Term
What is the difference with nucleoside and non-nucloside analogues?
Definition
Nucleoside analogues-fools the virus that is the actual nucleoside of the good cell so the virus attaches to the drug instead of the good cell

Non-nucleoside analogues- inside the good cell and interferes with the replication of the virus once inside the healthy cell
Term
What are the goals of the HAART therapy?
Definition
Decrease VL to undetectable levels;
reserve and increase number of CD4+ T cells;
Prevent resistance;
Have client in good clinical condition;
Prevent secondary infections and cancers
Term
What are teachings to promote client adherence with HIV regime?
Definition
Client understanding of each med’s purpose;
Food and fluid restrictions;
Recommended food choices ;
Storage of medications;
Appropriate recording sheet;
Contact person for questions
Term
What is the Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnancy and for the newborn?
Definition
mom will be started on AZT during weeks 14-34 weeks of gestion and stay on til labor, then switch to IV route with 1 hr. loading dose and continuing til delivered.

Newborns-started on po AZT or similar for at least first 6 weeks of life beginning at 8-12 hrs after birth. May stay stable if mom gets good care during pregnancy.
Term
What is the Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP) for Health Care Workers?
Definition
nurses and lab techs most at risk. Will be counseled and have a baseline test from worker & client if status is unknown. Retested at 3, 6, & 12 mo. marks.
Term
What are the 2 types of COX enzymes?
Definition
COX 1 protects the stomach and regulates platelets.
COX2 triggers inflammation and pain
Term
What effects do the NSAIDs have?
Definition
antiplatelet
antiinflammatory
antipyretic
Term
What are nursing interventions with COX-1?
Definition
Will cause stomach irritation so give with food/milk. Watch for excessive bruising, bleeding, petechiae, bleeding gums, etc. Don’t give with anticoagulants. Discontinue 1 week prior to scheduled surgeries
Term
When are DMARDs used?
Definition
DMARDs-disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs-used when pt. not responding to other NSAIDs.
Term
What are immunomodulators used for? (DMARDs)
Definition
newest one. Given IV (Remicade). Suppresses inflammation. Also used for other chronic inflammatory processes such as Crohn’s disease to decrease inflammation.
Term
What are immunosuppressants used for and nursing intervention? (DMARDs)
Definition
chemotherapy agents (methotrexate and cytoxin are common ones);
force fluids with cytoxin as can cause hemorrhagic cystitis; watch for other infections; give with food/milk
Term
What are antimalarials? (DMARDs)
Definition
mechanism of action unknown but will suppress inflammation. may take several weeks to see effects.
Term
What are nursing interventions with Gold Therapy? (DMARDs)
Definition
Gold therapy/chrysotherapy-slow response; may take weeks/months before full effect seen. Don’t use with renal impairment or other blood disorders. Can cause nephrotoxicity or blood dyscrasias
Term
What drug class is rifampin (Rifadin) in?
Definition
Antitubercular
Term
What is the action of rifampin (Rifadin)?
Definition
not good as single drug therapy for TB; used in combination with INH; multi-drug therapy used to prevent resistance
Term
What are the adverse effects of rifampin (Rifadin)?
Definition
hepatotoxicity; need to monitor liver function with ALT/AST
Term
What are nursing interventions of rifampin (Rifadin)?
Definition
Inform client that urine, saliva, feces, sweat, tears may turn a harmless reddish-orange color; soft contacts may be permanently stained.
Term
What drug class is isoniazid (INH) in?
Definition
antitubercular
Term
What is the action of isoniazid (INH)?
Definition
can be single drug therapy; inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, treatment/prophylaxis against TB
Term
What are the side/adverse effects of isoniazid (INH)?
Definition
hepatotoxicity;
peripheral neuropathy;
B6 deficiency
rash; blurred vision;
photosensitivity
Term
What are nursing interventions of isoniazid (INH)?
Definition
monitor liver function studies (AST/ALT);
patient compliance to regimen;
administer B6 (Pyridoxine) to prevent peripheral neuropathy;
use sunblock while in sun
Term
What is the primary use of glucocorticoids?
Definition
anti-inflammatory properties but will elevate BS levels (watch BS levels to increase)
Term
What are physical signs of long term steroid use?
Definition
moon face (abnormal fat deposit in face) and buffalo hump (abnormal fat deposit between shoulders); will have thin skin that bruises easily; muscle wasting; at risk for infections; decreases production of cortisol from adrenal glands;
Term
What are nursing interventions for glucocorticoids?
Definition
steroids have to be tapered; give with food/milk; client at risk for infections; cautious use with diabetics
Term
What is a prototype drug for glucocorticoids?
Definition
prednisone (Deltasone)
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