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| Tiny specialized structures perfoeming specific cellular functions |
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| The smallest living thing. The foundation unit of life |
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| All organisms are made up of basic living units called cells and cells come only from pre-exsisting cells |
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| Have a nucleous, a large structure that contains the workings of the cell because it contains the genes |
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| A phospholipid bilayer in which protein molecules are embedded |
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| A semifluid medium that contains organelles. The plasma membrane regulates the entrance and exit of molecules into and out of the cytoplasm |
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| Structure that surrounds a plant, protistan, fungal, or bacterial cell and maintains the cell's shape and rigidity. |
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| A prominent stucture in the eukaryotic cell. Nucleus is of primary importance because it stores genetic information that determines the characteristics of the body's cells and their metabolic functioning |
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| Network of fibrils consisting of DNA and associated proteins observed within a necleus that is not dividing |
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| Rodlike structure in the nucleus seen during cell division; contains the hereditary units, or genes. |
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| Semifluid medium of the nucleus containing chromatin |
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| Membrane bounded organelle within a eukaryotic cell that contains chromosomes and contraols the structure and functions of the cell |
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| Double membrane that surrounds the nucleus and is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) |
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| Opening in the nuclear envelope which permits the passage of proteins into the nucleus and ribosomal subunits out of the nucleus |
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| RNA and protein in two subunits; site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm |
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| String of ribosomes simultaneously translating regions of the same mRNA strand during protein synthesis |
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| Small, membrane bounded sac that stores substances within a cell |
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
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| Membranous system of tubules, vesicles, and sacs in cells, sometimes having attached ribosomes. Rought ER HAS ribosomes, Smooth ER does NOT |
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| Protein in plasma membranes that bears a carbohydrate chain |
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| Organelle consisting of flattened saccules and also vesicles, that processes, packages, and distributes molecules about or from the cell |
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| Releasing of substance by exocytosis from a cell that may be a gland or a part of a gland |
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| Membrane-bounded vesicles that contains hydrolyic enzymes for digesting macromolecules |
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| Membrane-bounded sac that hold fluids and a variety of other substances |
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| Enzyme-filled vesicles in which fatty acids and amino acids are metabolized to hydrogen peroxide that is broken down to harmless products |
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| Membranous organelle in which ATP molecules are produced during the process of cellular respiration |
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| Fluid within a chloroplast that contains enzymes involved in the synthesis of carbohydrates during photosynthesis |
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| Flattened Sac within a granum whose membrane contains chlorophyll and where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occurs |
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| Stack of chlorophyll-containing thylakoids in a chloroplast |
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| Membranebounded organelle is which ATP molecules are produced during the process of celluar respiration |
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| Unstructured semifluid substance that fills the space between the cells in connective tissues or inside organelles |
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| Short, fingerlike projections formed by the folding of the inner membrane of mitochondia |
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| Internal framework of the cell, consisting of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments |
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| Muscle protein making up the thin filaments in a sarcomere; its movement shortens the sarcomere, yielding the muscle contraction |
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| Protein that moves along either actin filament or microtubules and translocates organelles |
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| Small cylindrical structure that contains 13 rows of the protein tubulin about an empty central core; present in the cytomplasm, centrioles, cilia and flagella |
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| Major microtubule organizing center of cells, consisting of granular material. In animal cells, it contains 2 centrioles |
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| Ropelike assemblies of fibrous polypeptides that support the nuclear envelope and the plasma membrane |
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| Cell organelle, exsisting in pairs, that occurs in the centrosome and may help organize a mitotic spindle for chromosome movement during animal cell division |
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| Motile, short, hairlike extensions on the exposed surfaces of cells |
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| Slender, long extensions used for locomotion by some bacteria, protozoans, and sperm |
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| Lacking a membrane-bounded nucleus and organelles; the cell type within the domain bacteria and archaea |
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| Gelatinous layer surrounding the cells of blue-green algae and certain bacteria |
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| Gelatinous sheath surrounding the cell wall of certain bacteria |
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| Nucleic acid produced from covalent bonding of nucleotide monomers that contain the sugar ribose; occurs in 3 forms: messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA |
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| Region of bacterium where the bacterial chromosome is found; it is not bounded by a nuclear envelope |
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| Self-duplicating ring of accessory DNA in the cytoplasm of bacteria |
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| Possible explanation of the evolution of eukaryotic organelles by photocytosis of prokaryotes |
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| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) |
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| Nucleotibe with 3 phosphate groups. The breakdown of ATP into ADP + P makes enery available for enery-requiring processes in cells |
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| End to end chain of cells that form as cell division occures in only on plane, in plants, the elongated stalk of a steam |
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| Union of 2 or more atoms of the same element; also the smallest part of a compound that retains the properties of the compound |
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| When the atoms are different a compound results |
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| Particles (atoms) that carry either a positive or negative charge |
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| The attraction between oppositely charged sodium ions and chloride ions |
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| Besides a single bond, in which atoms only share a pair of electrons, double they share 2 pairs. triple they share 3 pairs. |
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| Occurs whenever a covalently bonded hydrogen is positive and attracted to a negatively charged atom some distance away. H-bonds are representkyt by a dotted like because they are relatively weak and can be broken easily |
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| Ions and molecules that interact with water |
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| Nonionized and nonpolar that do not interact with water |
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| Amount of heat energy required to raise the tempature of water |
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| Molecules that dissociate in water, releasing hydrogen ions (H+) |
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| Molecules that either take up hydrogen ions (H+) or release hydroxide ions (OH-) |
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| Used to indicate the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a solution |
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| A chemical or a combination of chemicals that keep the pH within normal limits |
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| What does gas exchange mean? |
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Which type of cell is the following describing?
*Evolved 1st
*Cells of a bacteria species
*No membrane-bound organelles
*does not have a nucleus
*Chromosomes are loose in cell
*DOES have ribosomes |
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Which type of cell is the following describing?
*Mushroom Cell
*Has organelles with membranes
*Has a Nucleus
*chromosomes IN nucleus
*DOES have ribosomes |
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| Which type of cell are animal and plant cells |
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| Name two things that are different between animal and plant cells |
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| Photosynthesis(plants only) Size of vacuoles, Cell Wall(plants only) |
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| Electron attraction is called? |
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| Matter is made up of what? |
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| Atoms are made up of 3 particles, what are they? |
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| Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons |
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| The element that has 2 Protons is? |
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| The 6 most biologically important elements? |
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| Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Sulpur, Oxygen and Phosphorus |
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| The # of protons plus the # of neutons= |
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| O-C-O and H-N-H and H-O-H are all held together by? |
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| How strong is an ionic bond? |
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| Second strongest, first is covalent and third is Hydrogen Bond |
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| process in which ionic compounds (complexes, or salts) separate or split into smaller particles, ions |
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| The cell is the basic unit of life. |
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| The small size of a cell is best correlated with? |
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| An adequate surface area for exchanging materials |
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| Vesicles carrying proteins for secretion more between smooth ER and the |
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| Intracecellular digestion |
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| Are involved in cellular respiration |
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