Term
| What parts of the body does a head and neck assessment involve? |
|
Definition
| Head, eyes, ears, nose, mouth, pharynx, lymph nodes, carotid arteries, thyroid gland, trachea. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pupils
Equal
Round
Reactive to
Light and
Accommodation |
|
|
Term
| Where does your subjective data come from in a head/neck assessment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does your objective data come from in a head/neck assessment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the pre auricular node? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the posterior auricular/matoid node? |
|
Definition
| Superficial to the mastoid process |
|
|
Term
| Where is the occipital node? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the submandibular node? |
|
Definition
| Halfway between the angle and the tip of the mandible |
|
|
Term
| Where is the jugulodigastric node? |
|
Definition
| Under the angle of the mandible |
|
|
Term
| Where is the superficial cervical node? |
|
Definition
| Overlying the sternomastoid muscle |
|
|
Term
| Where is the deep cervical? |
|
Definition
| Deep under the sternomastoid muscle |
|
|
Term
| Where is the posterior cervical? |
|
Definition
| Posterior triangle along hte edge of the trapezius muscle |
|
|
Term
| Where is the supraclavicular? |
|
Definition
| Just above and behind the clavicle |
|
|
Term
| Where should you check if a node is abnormal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are nodes accessible for examination? |
|
Definition
| Head, neck, arms, axillae, and inguinal region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The spaces where sutures intersect. Soft spots. |
|
|
Term
| What is the pattern of head growth for an infant? |
|
Definition
| Grows during childhood and reaches 90% of its final size when the child is 6 years old. |
|
|
Term
| When is lymphoid tissue at its adult size? What happens from there? |
|
Definition
| 6 years old. Continues to grow until 10 or 11 and then decreases in size with age. |
|
|
Term
| What happens in the thyroid of a pregnant woman? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does appearance change in aging adults? |
|
Definition
| Facial bones are more prominent, wrinkles, lower face may look smaller if teeth are gone. |
|
|
Term
| What questions should you ask someone with a headache? |
|
Definition
| Unusually frequent, severe? Onset? Had this type before? Location? Character? Mild, moderate, severe? Course and duration? Precipitating factors? Associated factors? Other illnesses? Taking meds? What makes it worse? Treatment? Coping strategies? |
|
|
Term
| What questions should you ask someone with a head injury? |
|
Definition
| Onset? Setting? How were you just before injury? History of illness (heart trouble, diabetes, epilepsy)? Location? Duration? Associated symptoms? Pattern? Effort to treat? |
|
|
Term
| What questions should you ask someone who is dizzy? |
|
Definition
| Determine what patient means by dizziness. Onset? Associated factors? |
|
|
Term
| What ?'s should you ask some1 with neck pain or limitation of motion? |
|
Definition
| Onset? Location? Associated symptoms? Precipitating factors? Related to stress? Coping strategies? |
|
|
Term
| What ?'s should you ask someone w/ lumps or swelling? |
|
Definition
| Recent infection, tenderness? Duration? Change in size? History of irradiation of head, neck, upper chest? Difficulty swallowing? Do you smoke? Do you drink alcohol? Thyroid problems? |
|
|
Term
| What ?'s should you ask some1 w/ history of head/neck surgery? |
|
Definition
| Ever had surgery of head or neck? Why? When? How do you feel about the results? |
|
|
Term
| In addition to normal health history questions, what else should you ask infants/children? |
|
Definition
| Maternal alcohol or drug use, type of delivery, was growth pattern normal? |
|
|
Term
| What questions in additional to normal health history questions should you ask the aging adult? |
|
Definition
| Dizziness? Neckpain? Does it affect ADL? |
|
|
Term
| What are you doing when physically examining the head? |
|
Definition
| Inspecting and palpating the skull for size and shape and the temporal area. |
|
|
Term
| What is the temporal area? |
|
Definition
| The artery above the cheek bone between the eye and the top of the ear. Shouldn't be hard to touch or hurt the patient. |
|
|
Term
| What are you looking for in facial structure examination? |
|
Definition
| That the facial expression is appropriate for the setting, symmetry, any abnormal structures or involuntary movements. |
|
|
Term
| What are you looking for when assessing the neck? |
|
Definition
| Symmetry, ROM, lymph nodes, trachea, thyroid |
|
|
Term
| How do you test ROM of the neck? |
|
Definition
| Chin to chest, turn the head L and R, try to touch each ear to a shoulder, extend head back. |
|
|
Term
| How is the trachea normally found? |
|
Definition
| Midline. Should be symmetrical |
|
|
Term
| What should you note when doing a thyroid assessment? |
|
Definition
| Enlargement, consistency, symmetry, nodules |
|
|
Term
| What should you do if the thyroid is enlarged? |
|
Definition
| Auscultate for bruit. A soft, pulsatile, whooshing sound caused by accelerated or turbulent blood flow. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Optic - VISUAL ACUITY, VISUAL FIELDS, CORNEAL LIGHT REFLEX |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Oculomotor - EYEBROWS, PUPILLARY REACTION TO LIGHT (PERRLA) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trochlear - innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tigeminal - Strength and sensation of neck and face |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abducens - innervates lateral rectus muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Acoustic - Assess for hearing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Glossopharyngeal - Assess mouth for movement of soft palate and gag reflex and taste. |
|
|
Term
| What is cranial nerve 10? |
|
Definition
| Vagus - Assess for swallowing and speech. |
|
|
Term
| What is cranial nerve 11? |
|
Definition
| Spinal Accessory - Assess shoulders for strength. |
|
|
Term
| What is cranial nerve 12? |
|
Definition
| Hypoglossal - Assess tongue for movement and strength. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Obstruction of drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid results in excessive accumulation increasing intracranial pressure and enlarges the head. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Askeletal disease of increased bone resorption and formation which softens, tickets, and deforms bone. 10% of those 80+ and occurs more often in males. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excessive secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland after puberty creates an enlarged skull and thickened cranial bones. |
|
|
Term
| What is parotid gland enlargement? |
|
Definition
| Rapid, painful inflammation of the parotid glands. |
|
|
Term
| What is multiple thyroid nodules? |
|
Definition
| Indicate inflammation or a multi-nodular goiter rather than a neoplasm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wryneck. A hematoma in one sternomastoid muscle results in a head tilt and decreased ROM. Firm, discrete non tender mass. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wen. Smooth, firm, fluctuant swelling on the scalp that contains sebum and keratin. Benign. |
|
|
Term
| What is fetal alcohol syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Thin upper lip, indistinct philtrum, short nose, flat mid face, short palpebral fissures, epicentral folds, low nasal bridge, micrognathia. |
|
|
Term
| What is congenial hypothyroidism? |
|
Definition
| Thyroid deficiency at an early age produced impaired growth and neurological deficit. Low hairline, hirsute forehead, swollen eyelids, narrow palpebral fissures, puffy face, thick tongue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trisomy 21. Upslanting eyes, inner epacanthal folds, flat nasal bridge, small broad flat nose, thick tongue, ear dysplasia etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Exhausted face, bluish shadows below eyes, double or single crease on on lower eyelids, central facial pallor, open mouth breathing |
|
|
Term
| What is allergic salute and crease? |
|
Definition
| Transverse line on nose from chronic allergies |
|
|
Term
| WHat is parkinson's syndrome? |
|
Definition
| A deficiency of dopamine and denigration of the basal ganglia of the brain. Flat, expressionless face. |
|
|
Term
| What is Cushing's syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Too much ACTH and chronic steroid use. Round face with prominent jowls, red cheeks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Goiter is an increase in the size of the thyroid gland associated with hyperthyroidism. |
|
|
Term
| What is cachectic appearance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A lower motor neuron lesion produces VII (FACIAL) nerve paralysis which is almost always only on one side. |
|
|
Term
| What is brain attack/stroke? |
|
Definition
| Upper motor neuron lesion. Lower face is affected, should be unaffected above nose. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hard skin. Chronic hardening and shrinking degenerative changes in the skin, blood vessels, synovium, and skeletal muscles. Hard shiny skin on forehead, cheeks, think lips, no skin folds, muscular atrophy. |
|
|
Term
| What is the palpebral fissure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the border between the cornea and sclera. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The fleshy mass containing sebaceous glands in the inner can thus. |
|
|
Term
| Does part of the upper lid cover the iris? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the meibomian gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transparent protective covering of the eye |
|
|
Term
| What is the lacrimal apparatus? |
|
Definition
| Proves constant irrigation to keep eyes moist |
|
|
Term
| What do all the extra ocular muslces do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerves innervate the muscles of the eyes? |
|
Definition
VI, Abducens (Lateral Rectus)
IV, Trochlear (Superior Oblique)
III, Oculomotor (All the rest) |
|
|
Term
| What is the outer layer of the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the middle layer of the eye? What is within it? |
|
Definition
The choroid.
The ciliary body
Iris
Pupil
Lens
Anterior Chamber |
|
|
Term
| What is the inner layer of the eye? What's in it? |
|
Definition
The retina.
Optic dis
Retinal vessels
Macula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Objects reflect light, then the rays are refracted through the transparent media and then strike the retina. The retina then transforms light to a nerve impulse that are conducted through the optic nerve to the visual cortex of the occipital lobe. |
|
|
Term
| How does the image formed in the retina look? |
|
Definition
| Upside down and reversed from its actual appearance. |
|
|
Term
| The R brain looks at the _____ world and vice versa. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the pupillary light reflex? |
|
Definition
| Cranial Nerve II causes the pupil to constrict in response to light. |
|
|
Term
| What is fixation? What impairs it? |
|
Definition
| Reflex direction of the eye toward an object attracting a person's attention. Drugs, alcohol, fatigue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adaptation of the eye for near vision. Increases the curvature of the lens through movement of the ciliary muscles. |
|
|
Term
| Do infants and children have peripheral vision? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does the keenest vision develop> |
|
Definition
| When the macula is developed by 4 m/o |
|
|
Term
| When is fixation possible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The len's decreased ability to accommodate for near vision |
|
|
Term
| What is cataract? Who does it effect? |
|
Definition
| Lens opacity resulting from clumping proteins in the lens. Old people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increased IOP. Chronic open-angle is most common and causes gradual loss of peripheral vision. |
|
|
Term
| What is macular degeneration? |
|
Definition
| The breakdown of cells in the macula of the retina. Causes loss of central vision, the area of clearest vision and is the leading cause of blindness. |
|
|
Term
| Who does open-angle glaucoma affect the most? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are age related effects that effect sight? |
|
Definition
| Facial changes, decreased tear production, lipid material around limbus, pupil size decreases, lens becomes hard and glasslike, blurred vision, no night driving |
|
|
Term
| What should you note during the health history questions? |
|
Definition
| Vision difficulty, pain, strabismus, redness/swelling, watering/discharge, past history of ocular problems, glaucoma, use of glasses/contacts, self-care behaviors, |
|
|
Term
| What additional questions should you ask children during an eye assessment? |
|
Definition
| Vaginal infection during delivery, developmental milestones of vision noted, routine vision tested @ school, safety measures taken. |
|
|
Term
| What additional questions should you ask aging adults during an eye assessment? |
|
Definition
| Noticed Visual difficult, last time glaucoma test, history cataracts, eye dryness, any decreased activities. |
|
|
Term
| What position should a person be in for an eye exam? |
|
Definition
| Sit up w/ head at eye level |
|
|
Term
| What equipment is needed for an eye assessment? |
|
Definition
Snellen eye chart
Handhelp visual screener
Opaque card/occluder
Penlight
Applicator stick
Opthalmoscope |
|
|
Term
| How do you test visual acuity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you test for near vision? |
|
Definition
| Hand-held vision screener w/ various print sizes. |
|
|
Term
| How do you test visual fields? |
|
Definition
| Confrontation test. Hold paper over one eye and move finger in different directions, person says now when they first see the finger. Normal results = 50 degrees upward, 90 degrees temporally, 70 degrees downward, 60 degrees nasally. |
|
|
Term
| How do you test extra ocular muscle fxn? |
|
Definition
Corneal light reflex. - same spot both eyes.
Cover test - cover eye and gaze should be fixed/straight.
Diagnostic positions test - 6 cardinal positions of gaze. |
|
|
Term
| How do you test the cornea and lens? |
|
Definition
| Shine a light from the side and check for smoothness and clarity. |
|
|
Term
| How do you test the iris & pupils? |
|
Definition
Note size and shape, pupillary light reflex and accommodation (far to close sight)
Pupils dilate with far vision and constrict with close vision. |
|
|
Term
| What are you looking for with the ophthalmoscope on the ocular fundus? |
|
Definition
| Red reflex, optic disk - note color/shape, retinal vessels (color, ratio, caliber), general background of the funds and the macula is the dark spot parallel to the optic disk. |
|
|
Term
| How do you check visual acuity on infants and children? |
|
Definition
| Infant - light perception using the blink reflex, pupillary reflex, |
|
|
Term
| How do you check visual fields on infants and children? |
|
Definition
| Confrontation test in children older than 3 years. |
|
|
Term
| How do you check color vision in children? |
|
Definition
| Affects males more than women. |
|
|
Term
| How do you check for extra ocular muscle fxn in kids? |
|
Definition
| Test for strabismus, check corneal light reflex, cover test |
|
|
Term
| What is different in vision in old people? |
|
Definition
| Central vision loss may have occurred causing a decrease in central vision, the eyebrows may show a loss of hair, tissues are sagging that may cover the eyes, retinal structures have less shine, vessels are paler, narrower etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Outward turning of the eyes |
|
|
Term
| What is periorbital edema? |
|
Definition
| Lids are swollen and puffy. |
|
|
Term
| What is upward palebral slant? |
|
Definition
| When combined with epicentral folds, hypertelorism, and brush field spots, indicates down syndrome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drooping upper lid caused by cranial nerve III damage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The lower lid rolls in bc of spasm of the lids of scar tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lower lid is loose and rolling out, does not approximate to the eye ball. Occurs in aging. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Iflammation of the eyelids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Beady nodule protruding on the lid. |
|
|
Term
| What is basal cell carcinoma? |
|
Definition
| Looks like a papule with an ulcerated center. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A stye. Painful, red, swollen, a pustule at the lid margin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammtion and blockage of the lacrimal sac. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammtion of the lacrimal gland. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is monocular blindness? |
|
Definition
| No response occurs in either eye. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Constricted and fixed pupils in a result from pilocarpine drops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dilated and fixed pupils. Dilatiing drops. |
|
|
Term
| What is argyll robertson pupils? |
|
Definition
| No reaction to light, pupil does not constrict with accommodation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Slugglish rxn to light. Usually unilateral |
|
|
Term
| What is cranial nerve 3 damage? |
|
Definition
| Unilateral dilated pupil with o rxn to light or accommodation, may have sagging eyelid and drooping eye. |
|
|
Term
| What is hornet's syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Unilateral, small regular pupil does react to light and accommodation. May have ptosis on same side. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infection of the conjunctiva. Redness in periphery of eye. Bacterial or Viral. |
|
|
Term
| What is subconuctival hemorrhage? |
|
Definition
| A red patch on the sclera. Occurs from increased IOP. Sharp edges, usually not serious. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Deep, dull red halo around the iris and the cornea. Warrants immediate referral. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Circumcorneal redness around the iris w/ dilated pupil. Cornea looks steamy. Occurs w/ sudden increase in IOP. Sudden clouding of vision, pain, and halos. Emergecy treatment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A triangular, opaque wing of bulbar conjunctiva overgrows toward the center of the cornea. Usually invades from nasal side. |
|
|
Term
| What is corneal abrasion? |
|
Definition
| Most common result of a blunt eye injury. Very irritated but only visible with fluorescent yellow/green branching. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blood in anterior chamber is a serious result of herpes zoster infection. Occurs w/ blunt trauma. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Purulent matter in anterior chamber occurs with iritis and with inflammation in the anterior chamber. |
|
|
Term
| What is a nuclear cataract? |
|
Definition
| Opaque grey surrounded by a black background |
|
|
Term
| What is a star shaped opacity cataract? |
|
Definition
| Asymmetrical, radial white spokes with black center. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Choked disc. Redness, congestition, elevation of the disk. |
|
|
Term
| What is excessive cup/disk ratio? |
|
Definition
| I have no idea. Increased IOP. |
|
|
Term
| What makes up the external ear? |
|
Definition
| External auditory canal & tympanic membrane |
|
|
Term
| What makes up the middle ear? |
|
Definition
| Malleus, incus, stapes and eustachian tube |
|
|
Term
| What makes up the inner ear? |
|
Definition
| Vestibule and semicircular canals and cochlea |
|
|
Term
| What is the peripheral hearing level? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the brainstem hearing level? |
|
Definition
| Locates where the sound is coming from |
|
|
Term
| What is the cerebral cortex hearing level? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The normal pathway of hearing, most efficient. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bones of the skull vibrate and these vibrations are transmitted directly to the inner ear and to cranial nerve 8. |
|
|
Term
| What is conductive hearing loss? |
|
Definition
| Involves a mechanical dysfxn of the external and middle ear |
|
|
Term
| What is sensorineural hearing loss? |
|
Definition
| Signifies pathology of the inner ear, cranial nerve 8, or the auditory areas of the cerebral cortex. |
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of sensorineural hearing loss? |
|
Definition
| Presbycusis - gradual nerve degeneration that occurs with aging and by ototoxic drugs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An inflamed labyrinth that causes a staggering gait, a strong spinning, whirling sensation |
|
|
Term
| What should be considered when doing an ear assessment on a child? |
|
Definition
| Infants have a shorter and wider eustachian tube that makes it easier for it to become infected (otitis media) and can have a build up of cerumen. |
|
|
Term
| What should be considered when doing an ear assessment on an adult? |
|
Definition
| Otosclerosis - common cause of conductive hearing loss. stapes becomes fixed in the oval window causing progressive deafness. |
|
|
Term
| What should be sonidered when doing an assessment on an aging adult? |
|
Definition
| Hearing loss and build up of cerumen |
|
|
Term
| What should you ask about in the health history data? |
|
Definition
| Earaches, infections, discharge, hearing loss, environmental noise, tinnitus, vertigo, self-care behaviors, |
|
|
Term
| What can you take away from the health history data? |
|
Definition
| Cues from the normal conversation. |
|
|
Term
| What additional questions should you ask infants and children? |
|
Definition
| Ear infections, hearing loss, trauma? |
|
|
Term
| How do you prep for a physical ear exam? |
|
Definition
| Person should be in supine position and the ear canal should be cleaned of debris. |
|
|
Term
| What equipment is needed for an ear exam/ |
|
Definition
Otoscope with bright light
Pneumatic bulb attachment for children/infants
Tuning forks |
|
|
Term
| What should you noticed of the external ear? |
|
Definition
| Size and shape, skin condition, tenderness, external auditory meatus |
|
|
Term
| How do you inspect with an otoscope? |
|
Definition
| Tilt head slightly away from you, pull pinna up and back (adult). Hold the otoscope how you want it. |
|
|
Term
| What are you looking for int he external canal with an otoscope> |
|
Definition
| Color, swelling, lesions, discharge. |
|
|
Term
| What are you looking for in the tympanic membrane with an otoscope? |
|
Definition
| Color and characteristics, position, integrity. |
|
|
Term
| How can you test for hearing acuity? |
|
Definition
| Conventional speaking, whisper voice test, tuning fork tests (unreliable) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tests for bilateral conduction. Lateralization = the side that hears it more. If present, shows conductive hearing loss in the lateralized side & sensorinueral hearing loss in ear that doesn't. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tests bone vs air conduction. Air is 2-3x better. Record and compare times. Conductive hearing loss = bone is better than air. |
|
|
Term
| What is the romberg test? |
|
Definition
| Assess the ability of the vestibular apparatus in the inner ear to help maintain standing balance. |
|
|
Term
| How do ears and eyes relate to position in children? |
|
Definition
| Corner of eye should be within a 10 degree angle of the tip of the ear. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Swimmer's ear. Infection of the outer ear. Swimming causes it to become water logged. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reddish blue discoloration and swelling of auricle after exposure to extreme cold. |
|
|
Term
| What is brachial remnant/ear deformity? |
|
Definition
| A facial remnant or leftover of the embryoligic branchial arch usually appears as a skin tag. If bilateral, can be related to renal abnormalities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Behind lobule, a nodule with a central black punctum indicates blocked sebaceous gland |
|
|
Term
| What is darwin's tubercle? |
|
Definition
| Irregularities of the ear fold. Not a problem just weird looking. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small, whitish yellow, hard, contender nodules, in the helix or anti helix that are a sign of gout. |
|
|
Term
| What are chondrodermatitis nodularis helices? |
|
Definition
| Painful nodules develop on the rim of the helix as a result of repetitive mechanical pressure, environmental trauma. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Overgrowth of scar tissue which invades the original site of trauma. More common in dark skinned people. Commonly happens at site of pierced ear. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ulcerated, crusted, nodule, with indurated base that fails to heal. Cancer. |
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Term
| What are some abnormal findings for advanced practice? |
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Definition
| Excessive cerumen, otitis externa, osteoma (stony nodule that obsures drum), foreign body, exostosis (small bony hard rounded nodules SURFERS EAR), furuncle (infected hair follicle), polyp (redder than surrounding skin and have purulent discharge) |
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Term
| What is a retracted drum? |
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Definition
| Landmarks look more prominent and well defined. Light reflex is distorted or non existent. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is otitis media with effusion? |
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Definition
| An amber yellow drum suggests serum in the middle ear that transudates to relieve neg pressure from the blocked eustachian tube. |
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Term
| What is acute purulent otitis media? |
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Definition
| Middle ear is infected. Redness and bulging are on top of drum, absent light reflex. Then turns fiery red. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dense white patches on the ear drum caused by repeated ear infections |
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Term
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Definition
| An overgrowth of epidermal tissue in the middle ear or temporal bone may result ver the years because of T.M. perforation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Indicates blood in the middle ear - skull fracture. |
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Term
| What is bullous myringitis? |
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Definition
| Small vesicles containing blood on the drum. |
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Term
| What is a fungal infection> |
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Definition
| Colony of black or white dots on the drum. |
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Term
| Where is the frontal sinus? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where is the ethmoid sinus? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where is the maxillary sinus? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the sphenoid sinus? |
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Definition
| Further back in head, behind the eyes |
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Term
| Where is the parotid gland? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where is the sublingual gland? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the submandibular gland? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What developmental care is important with infants and kids? |
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Definition
| They drool, they have 20 temp teeth from 6-24 months,the nose develops during adolescence. |
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Term
| What developmental care is important with pregnant women>? |
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Definition
| Nasal stuffiness, epistaxis, gums are hyperemic and softened |
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Term
| What developmental care is important with aging adults? |
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Definition
| They have diminished smell/taste, their mouths ulcerate easily because their tissues are breaking down, they may have fake teeth or missing ones, prominent nose with hair |
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Term
| What cultures see a high incidence of cleft lip and palate? |
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Definition
| Asians american newborns and indians. |
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Term
| What cultures see a high incidence of palatinus-ridge in hard palate? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What cultures see a high incidence in tooth loss? |
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Definition
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Term
| What health history ?'s should you ask during a nose assessment? |
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Definition
| Discharge, frequent colds, sinus pain, trauma, epistaxis, allergies, altered smell? |
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Term
| What health history ?'s should you ask during a mouth/throat assessment? |
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Definition
| Sores lesions, sore throat, bleeding gums, toothache, hoarseness, dysphagia, altered taste, smoking, alcohol consumption, self-care behaviors |
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Term
| What should you ask infants/children additionally in mouth/nose assessment? |
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Definition
| Mouth infection, sore throat, tooth eruption, self care. |
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Term
| What should you ask the aging adults in addition for nose/mouth? |
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Definition
| Mouth dryness, tooth loss, care of teeth, taste, smell loss? |
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Term
| How do you prepare for a nose/throat exam? |
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Definition
| Sitting up straight at eye level |
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Term
| What equipment do you need? |
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Definition
Otoscope with nasal attachment
penlight
two tongue blades
Cotton gauze pad
Gloves
long-stem light attachment for otoscope |
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Term
| What do you look for when examining the external nose? |
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Definition
| Symmetry, pain, break in contour, potency of nostrils, |
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Term
| What do you look for when examining the nasal cavity? |
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Definition
| Nasal septum for deviation, turbinates, discharge, bleeding, swelling, |
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Term
| How do you examine the sinuses? |
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Definition
| Palpatation of the frontal and maxillary, transillumination |
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Term
| What do you look for when inspecting the external mouth? |
|
Definition
| Lips, teeth and gums, tongue, buccal musocas, palate and uvula. |
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Term
| What do you look for when inspecting the throat? |
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Definition
| Tonsil grade, use of tongue blade, posterior pharyngeal wall. |
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Term
| What should be noted when looking at the mouth and throat of infants and children? |
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Definition
Let parents position, use a game, do it last in the exam. May have milla across the nose should have no nasal flaring with breathing. Black and asian kids have flat nasal bridge.sucking tubercle- pad in the middle of the upper lip from feeding. Epstein pearls on hard palate and gums are normal findings, may look like teeth.
tonsils are not visible in newborns. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bony membraneous septum between nasal cavity and the pharynx of the newborn |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Small boil in the skin or mucous membrane appears red and swollen. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| facial pain after upper respiratory infection. |
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Term
|
Definition
| smooth, pale, grey nodules which are over growths of mucosa caused by allergic rhinitis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Maxillofacial clefts are the most common congenital deformities of the had and neck. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cold Sore. Clear vesicles with a surrounding indurated erthematous base. |
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|
Term
| What is angular chellitis? |
|
Definition
| Painful fissures at the corners of the mouth caused by excessive salivation and yeast. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lesion is round and indurated becomes crusted and ulcerated with an elevated border. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A round well defined translucent nodule that may be very small. Pocket of mucus that forms when a duct of a salivary gland rupruters. |
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|
Term
| What is baby bottle tooth decay? |
|
Definition
| Destruction of numerous teeth who take a bottle to drink to bed. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Upper or lower dental arches are not in alignment and incisors protrude from developmental problem of mandible. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Nontender fibrous nodule of the gum seen emerging between the teeth |
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|
Term
| What is gingival hyperplasia? |
|
Definition
| Painless enlargement of the gums |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Gum margins are red and swollen and bleed easy, poor dental hygiene. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Use of meth causes cavities, gingivitis, tooth cracking etc. |
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|
Term
| What is an aphthous ulcer? |
|
Definition
| A canker sore that starts as a vesicle and then becomes an ulcer that takes 1-2 weeks to heal. |
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|
Term
| What are koplick's spots? |
|
Definition
| Small blue-white spots with irregular red halo. measles |
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Term
|
Definition
| Chalky, thick, white patch on tongue. Due to chronic irritation, smoking and drinking. Precancerous. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A white cheesy curd like patch on buccal mucosa and tounge. Yeast infection |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| A short lingual frenulum. Tonuge fixed to floor of mouth |
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|
Term
| What is a fissured tongue? |
|
Definition
| Deep cracks on buccal surface. |
|
|
Term
| What is geographic tongue? |
|
Definition
| Normal coating interprescted with bright, red, shiny circular bald areas with raised pearly borders. |
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|
Term
| What is smooth glossy tongue? |
|
Definition
| Surface is slick/shiny, red. Dryness of tounge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ANtibipotics cause black furr. Peptobismal |
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|
Term
| What is tongue carcinoma? |
|
Definition
| Ulcer w/ rolled edges, indurated. Sides, base, and under tongue. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| The uvula looks partially severed. May indicated sub mucous cleft palate. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Bruiselike dark, red, violate, confluent macule usually on hard palate. AIDS |
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