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unit 9 GASTROINTESTINAL
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
38
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
04/05/2011

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Cards

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL 

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS-

X-RAY USES

Definition

TO ID LOCATION & STRUCTURE OF ORGANS & MASSES IE AIR, FLUID, TUMORS, FOREIGN OBJECTS, STRICTURES, BOWEL GAS PATTERNS, DIFFERENTIATE ILEUS FROM OBSTRUCTION

   INSERT/VERIFY POSITION OF SMALL BORE FEEDING TUBES 

Term
GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS- BARIUM SWALLOW/UPPER GI SERIES USES 
Definition

  ID SWALLOWING ABNORMALITIES IE INCOORDINATION OF SWALLOWING, ASPIRATION, & STRUCTURAL ABNORMALITIES OF UPPER GI TRACT

TUMORS, VARICES, HIATAL HERNIA

OBSERVE STOMACH & FIRST PART OF SMALL INTESTINE

GASTRIC TUMORS, PEPTIC ULCERS

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS-

BARIUM SWALLOW/UPPER GI SERIES

NURSING CONSIDERATIONS

Definition

  NPO BEFORE, PUSH PO FLUIDS AFTER

  TEACH PT. STOOLS WILL BE WHITE

MONITOR FOR BOWEL OBSTRUCTION 

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS-

SMALL BOWEL SERIES (SMALL BOWEL FOLLOW THROUGH) USES

Definition

LIKE UPPER GI BUT FOCUS ON SMALL BOWEL & USES MORE BARIUM

ID TUMORS, INFLAMMATION, OR OBSTRUCTION OF JEJUNUM OR ILEUM

  MAY USE GASTROGRAFEN INSTEAD OF BARIUM

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS-


ENTEROCLYSIS (SMALL BOWEL ENEMA)

Definition

     BARIUM INJECTED BY NG TUBE INSERTED INTO JEJUNUM

     MAY TAKE 6 HR. SO MAY NEED SEDATION SO WATCH AIRWAY

NURSING SAME AS BARIUM SWALLOW 

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS-

 

 

BARIUM ENEMA (LOWER GI SERIES)

USES

Definition

ID POLYPS, TUMORS, STRICTURES OF RECTUM, SIGMOID COLON, DESCENDING COLON

X-RAY DONE WITH BARIUM IN & AFTER BARIUM EXPELLED

 MAY INJECT AIR TO COMPRESS BARIUM AGAINST MUCOSA TO OBSERVE MUCOSAL DEFECTS

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS-

 

BARIUM ENEMA (LOWER GI SERIES)

NURSING 

Definition

BEFORE: NPO EXCEPT H2O & MEDS BEFORE, CLEAR LIQUIDS OR LOW RESIDUE DIET FOR SEVERAL DAYS BEFORE. LAXATIVE (GO-LYTLEY) PREP NIGHT BEFORE. ENEMAS X3 OR TILL CLEAR

AFTER: PUSH PO FLUIDS, MONITOR FOR BOWEL OBSTRUCTION & TELL PT. STOOL WILL BE WHITE  PT.MAY NEED LAXATIVE TO HELP EXCRETE BARIUM

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL --

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS-

ORAL CHOLECYSTOGRAM (GALLBLADDER SERIES)

Definition
RARELY DONE – REPLACED BY ULTRASOUND
Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS-

ORAL CHOLECYSTOGRAM (GALLBLADDER SERIES)

NURSING

Definition

OBTAIN INFORMED CONSENT

ASSESS FOR IODINE ALLERGY

COMPLETE BOWEL PREP IF ORDERED

NPO

TELL PT. THAT DYE INJECTION CAUSE A WARM, FUNNY FEELING & NAUSEA

PUSH PO FLUIDS AFTER TO EXCRETE DYE 

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS-

 

RADIONUCLIDE SCANS

Definition

  TECHNETIUM ION ORALLY OR IV

  ORGAN SCANNED – TELLS SIZE, DEFECTS, & LESIONS, GI BLEEDING & EMPTYING

GOOD FOR LIVER, PANCREAS, GI TRACT 

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS- RADIONUCLIDE SCANS

NURSING

Definition

ASSESS FOR ALLERGY TO RADIOACTIVE NUCLIDES

WEIGH PT. (DOSE WT. BASED)

ASK FEMALE PT. IF ANY POSSIBILITY OF P.G.

TEACH BREAST FEEDING PT. TO PUMP & DISCARD BREAST MILK

WEAR GLOVES & WASH HANDS AFTER HANDLING URINE & FECES

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS-

MRI & CT

USES

Definition
TO ID STRUCTURAL ABNORMALITIES, METASTASIS
Term

 

GASTROINTESTINAL --

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS- CT NURSING

 

Definition

 

BOWEL PREP, GIVE ORAL CONTRAST & MEDS TO ALTER GI MOTILITY IF ORDERED

   NPO

 

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS-

MRI  NURSING

Definition

USUAL PT. TEACHING & FACILITY CHECKLIST

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS-

ULTRASOUND 

Definition

     USED FOR LIVER, PANCREAS, & BILIARY TRACT

     SHOWS SIZE & LOCATION, OUTLINE OF STRUCTURES & LESIONS, CHOLECYSTITIS, CHOLELITHIASIS, PYLORIC STENOSIS 

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS-

LIVER BIOPSY

Definition

OBTAINS SAMPLE OF LIVER CELLS TO EXAMINE FOR INFECTION, CANCER, STRUCTURAL CHANGES IE CIRRHOSIS

   DONE IN PT. ROOM OR IN X-RAY: MAY BE GUIDED BY MRI OR CT

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS- LIVER BIOPSY

NURSING:  OBTAIN 

Definition

BIOPSY TRAY & INFORMED CONSENT

BASELINE VITAL SIGNS
MOST RECENT LABS ESP. PT/INR, PTT, HCT

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS- LIVER BIOPSY

NURSING

Definition

PUT PT. SUPINE WITH ROLLED TOWEL BENEATH RIGHT LOWER RIBS & R. HAND BEHIND HEAD

GIVE SEDATION IF ORDERED & MONITOR PT.

INSTRUCT PT. TO TAKE DEEP BREATH & HOLD IT WHEN NEEDLE INSERTED

POST BX. APPLY PRESSURE DRSG TO SITE & TURN PT. ONTO R. SIDE

MONITOR VS, BREATH SOUNDS, ABD. & BLEEDING PER POLICY – REPORT CHANGES TO MD

LABEL &TAKE SPECIMEN TO LAB STAT 

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS-

ENDOSCOPY – VARIOUS TYPES

Definition

EGD (ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENO-SCOPY) 

ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY (ERCP)

ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND (EUS)

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS- ENDOSCOPY – VARIOUS TYPES

EGD (ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENO-SCOPY) 

Definition

MOST COMMON DONE AT BEDSIDE

USED TO VISUALLY INSPECT THE GI MUCOSA & LESIONS, OBTAIN BIOPSIES & SAMPLES, INJECT DYES, TREAT CERTAIN LESIONS & CONDITIONS

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS- ENDOSCOPY – VARIOUS TYPES

EGD (ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENO-SCOPY) NURSING

BEFORE

Definition

NPO

BOWEL PREP FOR COLONOSCOPY

OBTAIN INFORMED CONSENT

OBTAIN BASELINE VITAL SIGNS

GIVE SEDATION AS ORDERED

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS- ENDOSCOPY – VARIOUS TYPES

EGD (ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENO-SCOPY) NURSING

AFTER

Definition

CONSCIOUS SEDATION MONITORING

MONITOR FOR COMPLICATIONS: FEVER, CHEST PAIN (RUPTURED ESOPHAGUS), GI DISTRESS, BLEEDING, SHOCK R/T ORGAN DAMAGE 

NPO & SIDELYING POSITION UNTIL GAG REFLEX RETURNS 

WHEN ABLE TO TAKE PO START WITH CHIPS & SIPS  (ICE CHIPS & H2O) IN SMALL AMOUNTS (» 30CC/H)

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS- ENDOSCOPY  ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY (ERCP)

Definition

INSERT ENDOSCOPE ORALLY INTO COMMON BILE, HEPATIC, & PANCREATIC DUCTS

DYE INJECTED & X-RAYS TAKEN

SHOWS LOCATION OF OBSTRUCTIONS

STONES MAY BE ABLE TO BE REMOVED

NURSING SAME AS EGD

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS- ENDOSCOPY  ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND (EUS)

Definition

USED FOR TUMORS OF PANCREAS, STOMACH & RECTUM

ULTRASOUND IS DONE THROUGH THE ENDOSCOPE

NURSING SAME AS EGD & ULTRASOUND

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS- PY TEST (BREATH TEST)USED TO DETECT 

Definition

HELICOBACTER PYLORI REACTIVATION IN PT. WHO CAN’T TOLERATE EGD

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS- PY TEST (BREATH TEST)

how test is preformed

Definition

PT. SWALLOWS C-UREA CAPSULE & WAITS 10 MIN.

PT. BLOWS UP A BALLOON

BALLOON AIR IS ANALYZED FOR GASTRIC URASE (GIVEN OFF BY H PYLORI) 

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS- PY TEST (BREATH TEST)

NURSING BEFORE

Definition

NO ANTIBIOTICS & BISMUTH (PEPTO BISTHMOL) X 1 MONTH

NO PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS OR SUCRALAFATE X 2 WEEKS

NPO X 6 HRS. 

TELL PT. NOT TO HANDLE OR CHEW C-UREA CAPSULE

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS-

STOOL ANALYSIS

Definition

H. PYLORI ANTIGEN (NEW) 

C&S

OVA & PARASITES

FAT

GUIAC

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS-

STOOL ANALYSIS 3 days before

Definition
NO RED MEAT OR FOOD CONTAINING PEROXIDASE X 3 DAYS BEFORE 
Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS- STOOL ANALYSIS NURSING

Definition

COLLECT SPECIMEN & TAKE TO LAB PROMPTLY 

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS- BLOOD TESTS

HEPATIC ENZYMES 

Definition

AST (ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE)

ALT (ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE)

LDH (LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE)

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE 

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS- BLOOD TESTS

BILIRUBIN 

Definition

LIVER

TOTAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT

Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS- BLOOD TESTS

ALBUMIN 

Definition
NUTRITION & LIVER
Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS- BLOOD TESTS

AMYLASE & LIPASE 

Definition
PANCREAS
Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS- BLOOD TESTS

AMMONIA 

Definition
LIVER
Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS- BLOOD TESTS

ANTIGENS & TITERS 

Definition
LIVER
Term

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS- BLOOD TESTS

ANTIGEN – H-PYLORI 

Definition
WILL NOT DETECT REACTIVATION
Term

 

GASTROINTESTINAL -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS- BLOOD TESTS other 

 

Definition

 

AMYLASE – PANCREATITIS

UROBILINOGEN – LIVER

BILIRUBIN -- LIVER

 

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