Term
| What are the 9 rights of medication administration? |
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Definition
1.) Patient
2.) Time
3.) Dose
4.) Route
5.) Drug
6.) Dilution/Compatibility
7.) Flow Rate
8.) Monitoring
9.) Documentation |
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Term
| How many times does the nurse assure that she has the right medication? When? |
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Definition
3 Times
1.) Before removing the container
2.) As the amount of medication is removed from said container
3.) Before returning the container |
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Term
| How does the nurse assure she has the right dose of medication? |
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Definition
| MED CALCS! Should have another check off on her calculation. |
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Term
| How does the nurse assure she has the correct client? |
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Definition
| The nurse must check the MAR against the client's identification bracelet. Then, ask the client to state their name and birthday. |
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Term
| How does the nurse assure the correct route? |
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Definition
| If the prescribers order does not designate a route of administration, the nurse consults the prescriber. Likewise, if the specified route is not recommended - the nurse should alert the prescriber IMMEDIATELY |
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Term
| How does the nurse assure the correct time? |
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Definition
- Must know why a med is ordered for certain times of the day and whether it can be altered
- Each institution has a recommended time schedule for medications ordered at frequent intervals
- Medication that must be given at certain times are given priority (Like insulin b4 a meal) |
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Term
| How does the nurse assure the correct documentation? |
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Definition
| Clearly reflect the name of the patient, medication, time, dose, route and frequency, and patient reaction. Sign medication sheet immediately after administrating. |
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Term
| What are the 7 client rights related to medication administration? |
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Definition
1.) They have the right to be informed of the medication name, purpose, action, and potential undesired effects.
2.)They can refuse medication regardless of the consequences.
3.)The patient's medication history must be assessed, including allergies.
4.)To be properly advised of the experimental nature of medication therapy and to give written consent for its use
5.)To received labeled medications safely without discomfort in accordance with the six rights of medication administration.
6.) To receive appropriate supportive therapy in relation to medication therapy
7.) To not receive unnecessary medications |
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Term
| Should you wash your hands before and after administering medication? Why? |
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Definition
| YES. Practice asepsis! Reduces the transfer of microorganisms. |
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Term
| Who is responsible for medication administration? |
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Definition
| NURSE WHO ADMINSTERS THE DRUG! You are responsible for their own action. Question any order that you consider incorrect! |
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Term
| What is the fundamental rule of safe drug administration? |
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Definition
| Never administer an unfamiliar medication. Be knowledgable about the medication that you administer. |
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Term
| Where are narcotics kept? |
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Definition
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Term
| How should labels look on medications that you use? Who can relabel drugs? |
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Definition
| Clearly labeled containers. Pharmacists can relabel. |
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Term
| When should you return a liquid to the pharmacy? |
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Definition
| When the liquid is cloudy in color |
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Term
| Before you administer medication, what should you correctly identify? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long should you stay with the patient? |
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Definition
| Until they take all of their medication |
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Term
| If you prepare the medication, can someone else give it? |
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Definition
| no! only the nurse who prepares it knows what it is. Do not accept endorsement of medication. |
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Term
| What should you do if the client vomits after taking medication? |
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Definition
| Report to the nurse in charge or the physician. |
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Term
| When are preoperative medications discontinued? |
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Definition
| Usually during the postoperative period unless ordered otherwise. |
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Term
| What should you do when medication is omitted? |
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Definition
| Record the fact together with the reason |
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Term
| What should you do when a medication error is made? |
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Definition
| Report it immediately to the nurse in charge or physician. TO implement necessary measures immediately. This may prevent any adverse reactions of the drug. |
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Term
| What are the 4 advantages of oral medication administration? |
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Definition
1.) Easiest and most desirable
2.) Most convenient
3.) Safe, does not break skin barrier
4.) Usually less expensive |
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Term
| What are the 6 disadvantages of oral medications? |
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Definition
1.) Innapropriate if client cannot swallow and if GI has reduced motility
2.) Inappropriate for client w/ n/v
3.) May have unpleasant taste
4.) Discolor teeth
5.) Irritate gastric mucosa
6.) Aspirated by seriously ill patient |
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Term
| What is a sublingual medications? |
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Definition
1.) A drug that is placed under the tongue that dissolves
2.) When medication is in a capsule and is ordered sublingual, the fluid must be aspirated from the capsule and placed under the tongue
3.) A medication given sublingually should not be swallowed or the desired effects will not be achieved |
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Term
| What are the 2 advantages of sublingual medications? |
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Definition
1.) Same as oral
2.) Drug is rapidly absorbed in the blood stream |
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Term
| What are the 2 disadvantages of sublingual medications? |
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Definition
1.) If swallowed, may become inactivated by gastric juices.
2.) Drug must remain under the tongue until dissolved and absorbed |
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Term
| What is a buccal medication? |
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Definition
a. A medication is held in the mouth against the mucous membranes of the cheek until the drug dissolves.
b. The medication should not be chewed, swallowed, or placed under the tongue (e.g sustained release nitroglycerine, opiates, antiemetics, tranquilizer, sedatives)
c. Client should be taught to alternate the cheeks with each subsequent dose to avoid mucosal irritation |
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Term
| What are the advantages of buccal medication? |
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Definition
a. Same as oral
b. Drug can be administered for local effect
c. Ensures greater potency because drug directly enters the blood and bypass the liver |
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Term
| What is the disadvantage of buccal medications? |
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Definition
| If swallowed, drug may be inactivated by gastric juice |
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Term
| What are the routes for topical medication? |
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Definition
Dermatologic
Ophthalmic
Otic
Nasal
Inhalation
Vaginal
Rectal
Parenteral |
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Term
| What does parenteral mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the parenteral routes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the sites of ID medication administration? |
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Definition
under the epidermis.
Indicated for allergy and tuberculin testing and for vaccinations.
Site:
Inner lower arm
Upper chest and back
Beneath the scapula |
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Term
| What kind of needle is used for an ID injection? |
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Definition
c. Use the needle gauge 25, 26, 27: needle length 3/8”, 5/8” or ½”
d. Needle at 10–15 degree angle; bevel up.
e. Inject a small amount of drug slowly over 3 to 5 seconds to form a wheal or bleb.
f. Do not massage the site of injection. To prevent irritation of the site, and to prevent absorption of the drug into the subcutaneous. |
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Term
| What are the sites of a SUB injection? |
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Definition
Subcutaneous – vaccines, heparin, preoperative medication, insulin, narcotics.
Sites:
outer aspect of the upper arms anterior aspect of the thighs Abdomen Scapular areas of the upper back Ventrogluteal Dorsogluteal |
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Term
| What kind of needle is used for a SUB injection? |
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Definition
Needle length and gauge are the same as for ID injections
Use 5/8 needle for adults when the injection is to administer at 45 degree angle; ½ is use at a 90 degree angle.
For thin patients: 45 degree angle of needle.
For obese patient: 90 degree angle of needle |
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Term
| What should you do for a heparin injection? |
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Definition
| -do not aspirate. --Do not massage the injection site to prevent hematoma formation |
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Term
| What should you do for a insulin injection? |
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Definition
| --Do not massage to prevent rapid absorption which may result to hypoglycemic reaction. --Always inject insulin at 90 degrees angle to administer the medication in the pocket between the subcutaneous and muscle layer. Adjust the length of the needle depending on the size of the client. |
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Term
| What are the sites of IM injections? |
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Definition
Ventrogluteal
Dorsogluteal
Vastus lateralis
Deltoid |
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Term
| What is the z tract injection method? |
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Definition
| a. Used for parenteral iron preparation. To seal the drug deep into the muscles and prevent permanent staining of the skin. b. Retract the skin laterally, inject the medication slowly. Hold retraction of skin until the needle is withdrawn c. Do not massage the site of injection to prevent leakage into the subcutaneous. |
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