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UNIT 7 FLASHCARD
Extra credit
67
Geography
9th Grade
04/22/2014

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Term
base ratio
Definition
ratio between workers employed in the basic sector and those employed in the nonbasic sector
Term
basic, nonbasic sectors
Definition
Basic sector of a local economy includes any industry that brings in money from outside the area
Term
Burgess, E.W.
Definition
served as the 24th President of the American Sociological Society
Term
Bosnywash
Definition
the heavily populated area extending from Boston to Washington and including New York City, Philadelphia, and Baltimore.
Term
census tract
Definition
An area deliniated by the us beureau of the census for which statisitcs are published; in urbanized areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods
Term
central business district (CBD)
Definition
area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered
Term
center city
Definition
a city surrounded by suburbs
Term
central place theory
Definition
A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
Term
Christaller, Waller
Definition
provided a model for settlement patterns that rested on several assumptions
Term
city
Definition
people living in a large densely populated municipality
Term
city-state
Definition
a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside
Term
complementary regions
Definition
the merging of two regions for benefit
Term
concentric zone model
Definition
A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings.
Term
councils of government
Definition
cooperative agencies consisting of representatives from local governments in the region
Term
disamenity sector
Definition
The very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not even connected to regular city services and are controlled by gangs or drug lords.
Term
edge cities
Definition
clusters of large buildings away from the central business district
Term
export activities
Definition
the process of exporting goods from a region
Term
feminization of poverty
Definition
the trend of women making up an increasing proportion of the poor
Term
formative era
Definition
time where the major urban hearths came into existance
Term
gentrification
Definition
the restoration of run-down urban areas by the middle class (resulting in the displacement of lower-income people)
Term
ghettos, ghettoization
Definition
GHETTOS: portion of a city in which members of a minority group live; especially because of social, legal, or economic pressure. GHETTOIZATION: The process of becoming a ghetto, an isolated and underprivileged urban area.
Term
greenbelts
Definition
(in European cities) undeveloped area neighboring an urban area, often protected from development by planning law
Term
hamlet
Definition
a community of people smaller than a village
Term
Harris and Ullman
Definition
developed multiple nuclei model explaining that large cities developed by spreading from several places of growth, not just one
Term
hierarchy of central places
Definition
Central places are more economicly active and thrive
Term
Hoyt, Homer
Definition
a city develops in a series of sectors, not rings
Term
Infrastructure
Definition
the stock of basic facilities and capital equipment needed for the functioning of a country or area
Term
in situ accretion
Definition
where less expensive homes and businesses seem to be in a chronic state of ongoing construction and renovation.
Term
manufacturing city
Definition
a city overrun with factories, supply facilities, the expansion of transport systems, and the consturction of tenements for a growing labor force.
Term
megacity
Definition
urban area over 10 mil. People
Term
megalopolis
Definition
a very large urban complex (usually involving several cities and towns)
Term
megastores
Definition
huge stores with a wide variety of products designed for one stop shopping
Term
mercantile city
Definition
fronted by royal, religious, public, and private buildings evincing wealth and prosperity, power and influence (downtown)
Term
metropolitan area
Definition
a major population center made up of a large city and the smaller suburbs and towns that surround it
Term
metropolitan statistical area
Definition
area with a city of 50 thousand or more people, together with adjacent urban communities that have strong ties to the central city.
Term
micropolitan statistical area
Definition
An urbanized area of between 10,000 and 50,000 inhabitants, the county in which it is found, and adjacent counties tied to the city.
Term
multiple-nuclei model
Definition
A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities.
Term
multiplier effect
Definition
An effect in economics in which an increase in spending produces an increase in national income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent.
Term
nucleated
Definition
having a nucleus or occurring in the nucleus
Term
peripheral model
Definition
A model of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road.
Term
physical city
Definition
a continuous development that contains a central city and many nearby cities, towns, and suburbs
Term
primate cities
Definition
A city which is greater than two times the next largest city in a nation (or contains over one-third of a nation's population). The primate city is usually very expressive of the national culture and often the capital city.
Term
public housing
Definition
a housing development that is publicly funded and administered for low-income families
Term
rank-size rule
Definition
A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the 11th largest settlement is Un the population of the largest settlement.
Term
rush hours
Definition
The four consecutive 15-minute periods in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic
Term
sector model
Definition
A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business district (CBD).
Term
settlement geography
Definition
patterns of settlement on earth;s surface: rank-size rule and Christaller's central place theory
Term
smart growth
Definition
legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland
Term
social area analysis
Definition
puts together information from the census tracts to create and overall picture of how various types of people are distrbuted within a broader area, like a city
Term
special-function cities
Definition
cities are dominated by one activity such as mining, manufacturing or recreation and serving national and international markets.
Term
sprawl
Definition
an ungainly posture with arms and legs spread about
Term
states
Definition
independent political units with territorial boundaries that are internationally recognized by other states
Term
suburbs
Definition
Residential areas surrounding a city. Shops and businesses moved to suburbia as well as people.
Term
town
Definition
the people living in a municipality smaller than a city
Term
transportation centers
Definition
Cities where major routes converge - roads, railroads, sea traffic, and air transportation
Term
urban area
Definition
a geographical area constituting a city or town
Term
urban elite
Definition
a group of decision makers and organizers who controlled the resources, and sometimes the lives of others
Term
urban empire
Definition
A nation or group of territories ruled by a single, powerful leader or emperor
Term
urban geography
Definition
The study of how people use space in cities
Term
urban hierarchy
Definition
a ranking of settlements according to their size and economic functions
Term
urban influence zone
Definition
Areas outside the city that are affected by it.
Term
urban renewal
Definition
the clearing and rebuilding and redevelopment of urban slums
Term
Wirth, Louis
Definition
American sociologist whose theory was based on an essay 'Urbanism as a Way of Life.'
Term
world city
Definition
Centers of economic, culture, and political activity that are strongly interconnected and together control the global systems of finance and commerce.
Term
zone in transition
Definition
An area that is either becoming more rural or more urban
Term
zone of maturity
Definition
old part of city, more wealthy live here, bigger houses
Term
zoning ordinances
Definition
A law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community.
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