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| Set of characteristics an organism receives from its parents |
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| Branch of biology that studies heredity |
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| Contains instructions for creating a particular trait (code) |
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| Genetic material on a chromosome |
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| Different forms of a gene |
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| ____ represented as letters (Tt, ss, UU) |
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| Location of genes on a chromosome |
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| When human somatic cells have 23 pairs |
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| In ____ _____ each chromosome has the same loci for genes |
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| Each chromosome contributes ___ allele to a gene pair of homologous pair. |
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| _____ traits are expressed over recessive traits |
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| 2 capital letters or one capital and one lower case letter. (TT, Ss) |
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| 2 lower case letters (tt, ss, uu) |
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| Both letters are uppercase (TT, SS) |
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| Both letters are lower case (rr, tt, uu) |
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| Prefix "hetero" means ____ |
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| In ______ alleles, they include one upper and one lower case letter (Tt, Ss, Uu) |
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| In heterozygous the ____ allele is expressed (T over t, S over s) |
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| Physical characteristics such as height color and texture |
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| genes represented by alleles (ex. Tt, ss, UU) |
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| Two alleles of a trait separate when gametes are formed |
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| Law of Independent Assortment |
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| When two or more pairs of alleles are located on different chromosomes or far apart in the same chromosome. Separate independently of one another during meiosis. |
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| Law of Independent assortment |
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| Inheriting one trait does not influence whether you will inherit another |
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| Mendel's laws of Heredity |
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| Law of segregation, law of independent assortment |
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| Gregor Mendel was born in what year? |
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| Mendel's genetic experiments used true-breeding ___ ____ which pass on traits to 1st generation of offspring every time. |
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| Female sex cells; turn in to seeds |
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| Pea plants are normally ___ _____. |
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| ___ cross pollinated plants |
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| Mendel cut away male parts to prevent ___ ____. |
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| Mendel studied 7 traits by producing ____ including see shape, seed color, and plant height. |
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| Parental Generation (true-breeding plants) |
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| _____ means "out of Parent" in P generation |
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| First filial generation of offspring |
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| Second Filial generation of offspring |
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| Punnett squares are named after ___ Punnett. |
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| Squares that illustrate the probability in genetic crosses |
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1. Mono-hybrid
2. Di-hybrid |
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| What are the two types of crosses in Punnett squares? |
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| _____ ____ is the blending of traits |
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| Incomplete dominance is a __ phenotype mixture |
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| Example: Snapdragon Flowers (red RR x White rr = Pink Rr |
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| Two dominant alleles are expressed at the same time. |
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| Example: red horse cross with a white horse produces a roan coat (white and red hairs mixed together) |
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| Having more than two alleles for a genetic trait is called _____ _____ |
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| One Gene affects the phenotypic expression of a second gene |
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| ____ gene turns on or off production of pigment |
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| _____ gene controls amount of pigment or color of pigment |
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| A single gene can produce more than one phenotype expression |
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| Example: Sickle Cell Anemia |
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| Abnormally shaped hemoglobin in red blood cells |
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| Sickle Cell Anemia slows down RBC ability to travel and deliver ____ |
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| Less oxygen can result in pneumonia, heart and kidney failure, etc. |
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| Interaction of many genes to shape one phenotype |
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| multiple genes produces a variety of extremes |
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| Example: Height, skin color |
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| genes are on the same chromosome |
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| Linked traits are usually ___ together |
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| sequence of genes of a chromosome |
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| Sex-linked genes (X linked) reside on X chromosome inherited from the mother |
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| sex linked inheritance is expressed in ____ (XY in 23rd pair of sex chromosomes) |
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| in sex linked chromosome __ is expressed over missing section on __ |
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| One Chromosome in a female's pair of XX sex chromosomes (23rd pair) does not uncoil during embryonic development in mammals |
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| Inactive X chromosome does not interact with other X in pair |
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| During __ _____, each cell has a different active chromosome ( cells don;t function identical) |
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| Example of X-inactivation: |
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| homologous chromosome pairs do not properly separate during meiosis. |
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| During nondisjunction both member of a pair go to the same ____ |
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| One chromosome instead of two |
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| 3 chromosomes instead of 2 |
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| ____ chromosomes have monosomy and trisomy |
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| Instead of X or Y, ____ contains XY or O(no chromosome) |
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| Instead of X, ___ contains XX or O |
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| inheritance of an allele carrying the disorder |
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| What causes human genetic disorders? |
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| portion of chromosome deleted |
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| portion of chromosome copied twice on a chromosome |
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| Gene moved to another chromosome |
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| Genes rearranged in reverse orientation (upside down) |
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