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Unit 7-GI Alterations
Pancreatic and Hepatic Dysfunction
29
Nursing
Pre-School
02/28/2011

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Where does pain normally begin with a client with acute pancreatitis?
Definition
Mid-epigastrum
Term
What common medications should be avoided with hepatitis?
Definition

THE 3 A'S:

Aspirin, Acetaminophen and Antibiotics

Term
What common medications should be avoided in the treatment of cirrhosis?
Definition

"CAP"

 

 

Codeine, Acetaminophen and Phenobarbital

Term

Reduction of heart rate

 

and

 

masking of early hypoglycemia


is why this group of drugs is not used to manage acute variceal bleeding.

Definition

 

Beta-adrenergic blocking agents

 

ie

"the lol's"

 

ex: Metoprolol, Carvedilol, Propanolol

Term

Complications of cirrhosis

are...

Definition

Portal Hypertension

 

Ascites

 

Bleeding esophageal varices

 

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Term

 

Ascites is...

Definition
Fluid accumulation in the peritoneum
Term
Asterixis is...
Definition

Abnormal muscle tremors, aka

'liver flap'

Term
Bilirubin is...
Definition
A bile pigment; product of red blood cell breakdown
Term
Esophageal varices are...
Definition
Enlarged esophageal veins resulting from portal hypertension
Term
Sclerotherapy is a treatment for...
Definition
esophageal varices, involves injection of a sclerosing agent
Term
Nursing care actions for a new client admitted with cirrhosis and severe ascites might include...
Definition

* Daily weights ( same time qday)

 

* Fluid restrictions ( free water restrictions)

 

* Low sodium diet

Term
It is recommended that which groups of people receive a Hep B vaccine?
Definition
Current recommendations are for ALL individuals to receive the Hep B vaccine
Term
Neomycin is a short term therapy used for patients in liver failure. It's therapeutic action is....
Definition

Antibiotic, it kills the bacteria in the GI tract that produce ammonia

during the breakdown of proteins

Term
Why does bilirubin increase during liver dysfunction?
Definition

The liver normally converts it to a conjugated form, making it water soluble and easily disposed of by the kidneys.

Liver dysfunction = no conversion= build up in the system

Term
This anti- anxiety medication is given during DT's due to it's effects being similar to ETOH
Definition
Lorazepam
Term
Bluish discoloration of the left flank and periumbilical area indicates what occurence?
Definition

Pancreatic hemmorhage

( usually related to acute pancreatitis)

Term
Fibrosis, scar tissue and nodules in the liver tissue are characteristics of ....
Definition
Cirrhosis
Term
Pruritis is a manifestation of liver dysfunction that results from...
Definition

Bile salt deposits on the skin.

 

Term
Causes of acute pancreatitis include:
Definition

Alcohol abuse ( #1 cause in US)

Gallstones

Abdominal trauma

Virus infection

Drugs

Metabolic issues

Term
Biliary pancreatitis is a result of....
Definition

Edema or an obstruction blocking the ampulla of Vater=

 

reflux of bile into pancreatic ducts OR

 

direct injury to the acinar cells

Term
Acute pancreatitis is....
Definition

An inflammation of the pancreas resulting in autodigestion of the pancreas by it's own enzymes

 

* it can be complicated by:

-edema

-varying degrees of autodigestion

-fat necrosis

-hemmorhage

Term
The exact mechanism that causes the activation of pancreatic enzymes inside the pancreas is unknown. The suspected cause with alcohol-related pancreatitis is.....
Definition

A physiochemical alteration of proteins that results in plugs that block the small pancreatic ductules

 

( remember denaturing an egg with alcohol in BioBonds? picture that in the fine structures of your organs!)

Term
Scorpion venom can cause...
Definition
pancreatitis. I don't think we'll be tested, but it is freaking awesome.
Term
Labs used to confirm pancreatitis are...
Definition

Elevated:

Serum and urinary amylase

Serum lipase

Glucosuria ( gluscose wasting in urine)

 

Decreased:

Serum Calcium

 

Most sensitive lab for diagnosing is: Lipase

 

Term
Why would O2 sats drop with acute pancreatitis?
Definition

ARDS

pancreatic hemmorhage=  enzymes into bloodstream= lungs= increase capillary permability= fluids can spill into pleural space

( this is a very simplified version, feel free to expand on this one)

ALSO:

bleeding with a hemmorhage= decreased hemoglobins to carry oygen about

Term

Your client with acute pancreatitis develops

tachypnea

fever and dry cough

fine crackles throughout lungs

confusion

agitation

hypoxemia

What do you think their diagnosis will be?

Definition

ARDS =

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, a major complication of acute pancreatitis

 

Usually requires:

Intubation + Ventilation

ie

PEEP

 

Term

Post pancreatic diet teachings for a patient include:

 

Definition

Low fat

NO ETOH

No caffeine

Term
A patient's intial diet after an acute pancreatic diagnosis will be....
Definition

NPO;

avoid GI tract stimulation that may cause the release/acitvation of more pancreatic enzymes

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