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| acid rain rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions (especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) combine with water |
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| the act of collecting in a mass |
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| A location along a transport route where goods must be transferred from one carrier to another. |
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| bulk-reducing industries, bulk-gaining industries |
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Bulk-gaining industries produce goods that weigh more after assembly than in their constituent parts
Bulk-reducing industries produce goods that weigh less than their constituent parts |
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| profit-oriented global economy based on production for sale |
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| rapid econmoc and political change that transformed the country into a stable nation with democatizing political institution, a frowing economy, and an expanding web of nongovernmental institutions |
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| conglomerate corporations |
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| conglomerate corporations companies that have diversified into various economic activities usually through a process of mergers and acquisitions |
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| the dispersal of an industry that formerly existed in an established agglomeration |
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| process by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the newly deindustrialized region to switch to a service economy and to work through a period of high unemployment |
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| a model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of the historical exploitation of poor nations by rich ones |
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| The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. |
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| The improvement of living standards by economic growth. |
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| economic geography the branch of geography concerned with the production and distribution of commodities |
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| export-oriented industrialization |
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| A mercantilist strategy for economic growth in which a country seeks out technologies and develops industries focused specifically on the export market |
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| industry in which the cost of transporting both raw materials and finished product is not important for the location of firms |
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| the increase in time and cost that usually comes with increasing distance |
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| a nonrenewable energy resource that forms in the Earth's crust for millions of years |
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| an increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere (especially a sustained increase that causes climatic changes) |
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| warming that results when solar radiation is trapped by the atmosphere |
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| the development of industry on an extensive scale |
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| the transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation |
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| the stock of basic facilities and capital equipment needed for the functioning of a country or area |
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| international division of labor |
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| The process where the assembing procedures for a product are spread out through different parts of the world |
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| The largest lowland of Japan, which extends from the Japanese Alps east to the Pacific. |
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| labor intensive industries |
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| An industry for which labor costs comprises a high percentage of total expenses |
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| a logical attempt to explain the locational pattern of economic activities & the manner in which its producing areas are interrelated |
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| locational interdependence theory |
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| the influence on a firm's locational decision by locations chosen by its competitors |
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| factories built by U.S. companies in Mexico near the U.S. border, to take advantage of much lower labor costs in Mexico |
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| The political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, in which a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism. |
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| A model of economic development most closely associated with the work of economist Walter Rostow. The modernization model (sometimes referred to as modernization theory) maintains that all countries go through five interrelated stages of development, which culminate in an economic state of self-sustained economic growth and high levels of mass consumption. |
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| more developed country, less developed country |
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| (MDC) also known as a relatively developed country, a country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development. (LDC) poorer countries that do not manufacture as many of their goods as more developed countries. |
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| North American Free Trade Agreement |
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| new international division of labor |
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| Transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid less skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries. |
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| newly industrializing country |
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| countries in the transition stage between developing and developed countries. Newly industrializing countries typically have rapidly growing economies. |
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| Northeast District (China) |
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| Manchuria, centered on the region's coal and iron deposits near the city of Shenyang |
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| industrial and military leaders that came to political power in Japan and modernized industries, organized armed forsces, and transfored education and transportation. |
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| an economic and social region including the country's surrounding the pacific ocean |
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| post-industrial societies |
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Definition
| economically dependent upon the production and distribution of services, information, and knowledge. |
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Term
| primary economic activities, primary sector |
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Definition
| The primary sector of the economy extracts or harvests products from the earth. The primary sector includes the production of raw material and basic foods. Activities associated with the primary sector include agriculture (both subsistence and commercial), mining, forestry, farming, grazing, hunting and gathering, fishing, and quarrying. The packaging and processing of the raw material associated with this sector is also considered to be part of this sector. |
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| primary industry,secondary industry |
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Definition
| the part of the economy that produces raw materials; examples include agriculture, fishing, mining, and forestry / manufacturing businesses that take materials from primary industry and other industries and make them into goods, such as making trees into paper |
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| proven reserve, potential reserve |
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Definition
| The amount of a resource available in discovered deposits; The amount of energy in deposits not yet identified but thought to exist. |
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| Service sector industries concerned with the collection, processing, and manipulation of information and capital. Examples include finance, administration, insurance, and legal services. |
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Term
| Rostow, W.W., Rostow's stages |
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Definition
| Prominent for his role in the shaping of American policy in Southeast Asia during the 1960s, he was a staunch opponent of communism, and was noted for a belief in the efficacy of capitalism and free enterprise; 5 stages- 1) Traditional- farming, 2) Preconditions for Takeoff- commercial exploitations of materials, 3) Take off- massive investment and produce goods for manufacturing, 4) Drive to Maturity- wealth goes up, 5) Age of Mass Consumption |
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| secondary economic activities, secondary sector |
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Definition
| processing of products and assembling raw materials. |
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| secondary industrial region |
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Definition
| regions that consist of one or more core areas of industrial development with subsidiary cluster some distance away |
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| single market manufacturers |
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| manufacturers that produce goods for one type of market |
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| Location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside the plant, such as land, labor, and capital. |
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| development, with age, of increasingly sophisticated understandings of other people and of society as a whole, as well as increasingly effective interpersonal skills and more internalized standards for behavior |
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| the reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems |
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| specific area within a country in which tax incentives and less stringent environmental regulations are implemented to attract foreign business and investment |
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| Principle that maintains that the correct location of a production facility is where the net profit is the greatest. Therefore in industry, there is a tendency to substitute one factor of production (e.g., labor) for another (e.g., capital for automated equipment) in order to achieve optimum plant location. |
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| Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. |
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| The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment. |
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| groups of countries with formalized systems of trading agreements |
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| transnational corporations |
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Definition
| large corporations that are headquartered in one country but sell and produce goods and services in many countries |
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| Extra money added to a product for laboring cost |
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| variable revenue analysis |
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Definition
| An approach to industrial location theory concerned with spatial variations in revenue. It concentrates on the demand side of the industrial location problem, as opposed to the cost side addressed in variable cost analysis. |
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| first explained economic development in 1974 using model of the capitalist world economy |
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| (1736-1819) Improved upon Newcomen's steam engine. Watt's steam engine would be the power source of the Industrial Revolution. |
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| Creator of the model that states that the optimum location of a manufacturing firm is explained in terms of cost minimization. |
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