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| Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 |
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| Requires employers and public facilities to make "reasonable accommodations" for people with disabilities and prohibites discrimination against these individuals in employent. |
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| a legislative act that punishes an individual or group without judicial trial. |
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| "Clear and Present Danger" |
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| a test that became a standard by which to balance national security and freedom of speech. |
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| constitutional protections against the govt. |
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| policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment |
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| law that made racial discrimination against any group in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbade many forms of job discrimination. |
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| communication in the form of advertising. It can be restricted more than many other types of speech. |
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| theory holding that compensation for job classifications filled chiefly by women should be the same as for those classifications filled chiefly by men if the jobs, albeit dissimilar, are regarded as having equal value. |
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| an ethical principle of discretion as in the case of reporters refusing to cite their sources. |
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| legal doctrine whereby, upon marriage, a women's legal rights were subsumed by those of her husband. |
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| segregation by circumstances |
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| part of the 14th guaranteeing that persons cannot be deprived of life, liberty, or property by the US or state goats without due process of law. |
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| the power to claim private property for public use |
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| when law enforcement officials encourage persons to commit crimes that they otherwise would not commit. |
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| Equal Protection of the Laws |
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| part of the 14th amendment emphasizing that the laws must provide equivalent "protection" to all people |
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| constitutional amendment designed to guarantee equal rights for women. It was originally proposed in 23', passed in 72', but not ratified by the states before 82'. |
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| rule that evidence, no matter how incriminating, cannot be introduced into a trial if it was not constitutionally obtained. |
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| retroactive criminal law that affects the accused individual negatively. These would make an action a crime that was not a crime when committed. |
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| Federal Communications Commission |
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| FCC- regulates the context, nature, and very existence of radio and TV |
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| FTC Federal Trade Commission |
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| decides what kinds of goods may be advertised on radio and television and regulates the content |
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| literacy and property restrictions on voting, but exempted those whose ancestors had the right to vote before the Civil War |
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| exemption from prosecution in exchange for suspect's testimony regarding their own and other's misdeed |
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| legal concept under which the Supreme court has nationalized the Bill of Rights by making most of it provisions applicable to the states through the 14th amend |
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| laws employing these classifications must be subjected to more "strict scrutiny", those that differentiate between people on the basis of race, for example, have been designated by the courts as inherently suspect, thus demanding more elaborate proof... |
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| a church related school must have a secular legislative purpose, have a primary effect that neither advances or inhibits religion, and not foster an excessive govt "entanglement" with religion before receiving govt aid. |
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| publication of false or malicious statements that damage someone's rep. |
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| Native American Rights Fund |
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| promotes human rights and educates the public about indian rights, laws, and issues. Provides legal representation and assistance to Indian people and organizations. |
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| no discrimination in the sale or rental of housing. |
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| school that provides religious education in addition to conventional education |
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| struck between the defendant's lawyer and the prosecutor to the effect that the defendant will plead guilty to a lesser crime in exchange for the state's promise not to prosecute the defend for a more serious or additional crime. |
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| small taxes levied on the right to vote. |
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| a govt preventing material from being published. |
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| situation occurring when the police have reason to believe that a person should be arrested. |
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| protection of rights in civil and criminal proceedings |
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| Reasonable Classification |
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| (Lindsley test) classifications that bear a rational relationship to come legitimate governmental purpose |
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| unfair treatment of members of majority groups resulting from preferential policies, as in college admissions or employment, intended to remedy earlier discrimination |
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| the right to a private, personal life free from the intrusion of the govt. |
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| monies provided by the govt to individuals that allows them to purchase education at any school, public or private |
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| a written authorization from a court specifying the area yo be searched and what the police are searching for. |
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| concerned with nonreligious subjects |
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| incitement or discontent or rebellion against a govt. Any action, especially in speech or writing, promoting such discontent or rebellion. |
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| gradual application of the Bill of Rights to the states. |
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| situation occurring when an individual accused of a crime is compelled to be a witness against him or herself in court. |
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| Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions |
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| helped pave the way towards the adoption of the 19th amend |
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| laws that protect reporters from revealing their sources |
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| spoken word that is malicious, false, and defamatory |
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| fundamental fairness, defining vagueness of a law |
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| non verbal communication, such as burning a flag or wearing an armband. |
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| Title IX of the Education Act of 1972 |
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| forbids gender discrimination in federally subsidized education programs by the 4th amend |
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| Unreasonable Searches and Seizers |
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| obtaining evidence in a haphazard or random manner, 4th amend |
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| gave govt new powers for the wiretapping, surveillance, and investigation of terrorism suspects. Allowed for searches of private property without probable cause and without notice to the owner until after the search. |
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| Voting Rights Act of 1965 |
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Definition
| outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the disenfranchisement of African Americans, not more literacy test |
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| Thomas Jefferson's reference to the separation of church and state |
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| primary elections in the Southern States in which any non-white voters were prohibited from participating in. Declared unconstitutional in 1944 |
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| court order requiring that a govt official present a prisoner in court and explain to the judge why that person is being held. |
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