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Unit 6 - 11
Production & Exchange; Social Relations & Identities; Symbolism, Ideology, & Worldview; Power, Inequality, & the State; Archaeology Today
34
Anthropology
Undergraduate 1
12/11/2014

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Cards

Term
economy
Definition
the ways in which people produce, distribute, and consume things that are biologically necessary or culturally valuable
Term
economic production
Definition
the way certain cultures manufacture items; can be studied through the tools uses or the form, quality, standardization, distribution, or frequency of the artifacts
Term
exchange
Definition
social act that creates mutual ties of obligation and interdependency between individuals and groups
Term
economic specialization
Definition
specializing in a certain kind of item/craft
Term
forager
Definition
mobile hunter-gatherer; have to hunt in excess of what their family might need for trade
Term
special purpose sites
Definition
not-residential sites that are linked to residential settlements in the same region; place where people visited to obtain special resources
Term
specialized residential sites
Definition
sites within a settlement that were uses for certain actions; typically zones with poor agricultural potential
Term
Characterization studies
Definition
materials identification & sourcing
Term
residential groups
Definition
function within clear spatial contexts usually recognizable by the archaeological record
Term
non-residential groups
Definition
don't function within clear spatial contexts of each other but communicate anyway
Term
family
Definition
a social and biological unit that comes in a variety of forms and sizes based on the culture
Term
nuclear family
Definition
one-male, one-female unit with their biological children
Term
natural families
Definition
multiple fathers or mothers, children who might be no one's biological kin, others related in other indirect ways foreign to Europeans
Term
domestic group
Definition
people who live together, share resources, and often bring up children together; corporate unit of production and reproduction in any society
Term
household
Definition
spatial dimension of a domestic group; spatial loci of collective domestic activities
Term
communities
Definition
spatial manifestation of corporate residential groups who stayed in regular, sustained, face-to-face contact with each other
Term
gender theory
Definition
how to study gender with the types of evidence archaeologists encounter to the contemporary sociopolitics of archaeology as a discipline
Term
gender ideology
Definition
how gender was seen in past cultures
Term
idealogy
Definition
the way a particular society or other version of a group makes sense of and justifies the world
Term
ideological system
Definition
a group of idealogies; make sense of the world for the people who hold them
Term
habitus
Definition
how we instinctively making meaning of our experiences through our idealogies
Term
symbolic meaning
Definition
an abstract assignment of meaning, usually religious; not the usual use of an object; i.e. cows in India or the wine and bread of the last supper
Term
spoken language
Definition
sound-code that that signifies concrete and abstract meanings to those who have learned the code
Term
power
Definition
measured by a person's ability to exert authority on its society/people
Term
politics
Definition
how a society organizes itself in order to enforce & make decisions, to resolve potential conflicts, and to control access to social power
Term
political structure
Definition
way a society is organized politically
Term
band-tribe-cheifdom-state
Definition
correlation between structure of society and their economic typology
Term
Egalitarian
Definition
everyone is ranked evenly with no power over the other
Term
Ranked
Definition
There are positions that give some people power over others
Term
Stratified
Definition
Class system with specializations
Term
State
Definition
relatively large and internally complex political structure; decision-making is vested within a permanent, centralized leadership characterized by differential access to wealth, power, and status
Term
CLM (Cultural Resource Management)
Definition
vocation and practice of managing cultural resources
Term
applied archaeology
Definition
application of archaeological research and its results to address contemporary human problems
Term
Native American Grave Repatriation Act (NAGPRA)
Definition
passed by Congress in 1990 helped archaeologists put themselves on equal ground with native groups, who now get to control access to and request repatriation of a specific range of objects (funerary objects, sacred objects, cultural patrimony) and human remains
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