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| A series of dark lines resulting from the selective absorption of particular frequencies of the continuous spectrum produced by white light. |
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| Material consisting of atoms which are composed of antiprotons, antineutrons, and positrons. |
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| A particle having mass, lifetime, and spin identical to the associated particle, but with charge of opposite sign (if charged) and magnetic moment reversed in sign. |
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| The antiparticle of a quark, having electric charge, baryon number, and strangeness opposite in sign to those of the corresponding quark. |
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| The smallest particle of an element. |
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| A specific series of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation produced when electrons in excited atoms of an elemnt in the gaseous state return to lower energy levels. |
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| A heavy particle composed of three quarks; an elementary particle which can be transformed into a proton or neutron and some number of mesons and lighter particles. |
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| An emission spectrum or a series of bright lines against a dark backgrounf that results from the emiission of radiation of specific frequencies by a heated gas. |
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| A series of bright lines against a dark background, resulting from the emission of radiation of specific frequencies. |
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| A stationary state of the electrons in an atom which represents a specific amount of energy. |
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| Diagram in which the energy levels of a quantized system are indicated by distances of horizontal lines from a zero energy level. |
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| The condition of an atom when its electon is in any level above the lowest energy level because of the absorption of a quantum of energy. |
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| The condition of an atom when its electron is in the lowest energy level and the atom is not absorbing or radiating energy. |
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| A particle that interacts through the strong nuclear force, as well as electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational forces. |
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| The energy required to remove an electron from an atom to form an ion. |
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| A particle that interacts through the electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational forces, but not the strong nuclear force. |
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| A particle of intermediate mass composed of a quark and an antiquark. |
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| A neutral particle that possesses both energy and momentum but has little, if any, mass. |
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| The core of an atom which is made up of one or more prtons and (except for one of the isotopes of hydrogen) one or more neutrons. |
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| The quantum, or basic unit, of electromagnetic energy. |
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| The proportonally constant in the mathematical relationship between the energy of a quantum and its frequency. |
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| A particle having mass equal to the mass of the electron, and positive electric charge equal in magnitude to the negatvie charge of the electron. |
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| Condition that restricts a system to the absorption or radiation of energy only in fixed amounts, or quanta. |
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| A discrete packet of electromagnetic energy emitted or absorbed. |
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| The theory that assumes that electromagnetic energy is emitted from and absorbed by matter in discrete amounts or packets of energy. |
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| One of the basic particles, having charges of postive or negative 1/3e or postive or negative 2/3e, from which many of the elementary particles may be built up. |
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| A particular frequency of absorbed or emitted energy characteristic of an atom. |
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| Standard Model of Particle Physics |
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| A theory used to explain the existance of all the particles that have been observed and the forces that hold atoms together or lead to their decay. |
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Definition
| Any particular orbit that can be occupied by an electron in an atom. |
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| An attractive force between protons and neutrons in an atomic necleus which is responsible for the stability of the nucleus; a vector quantity. |
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| Or atomic mass unit, one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom. |
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