94. Density

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Definition: The density of a substance is the relationship between the mass of the substance and how much space it takes up (volume).

Sentence: Even the Earth has a greater density but only one half of the Earth.

Example 1: A rock is more dense than a crumpled piece of paper of the same size

Example 2: A styrofoam cup is less dense than a creramic cup

95. Surface Currents

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Definition: The water at the ocean surface is moved primarily by winds that blow in certain patterns because of the Earth's spin and the Coriolis Effect. Winds are able to move the top 400 meters of the ocean creating surface ocean currents.

Sentence:Surface currents can be very fast on water.

Examples:Gulf Stream

96. Upwelling

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Definition: Upwelling is an oceangraphic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards

Sentence: There was an upwelling of public support due to mitigation effort put in place after constructive critism offered by the towns people.
Example 1: Seawater
Example 2: Magma

97. Coriolis Effect

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Definition:  the Coriolis effect is the apparent deflection of moving objects when the motion is described relative to a rotating reference frame.

Sentence: The Coriolis effect plays a role in the flight paths of airliners as well as the formation and movement of hurricanes.

Examples: Hurricane winds turning left in the Northern hemisphere.

98. Deep Ocean Current

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Definition:Deep Ocean Currents are driven by density and temperature gradients.

Sentence:The warm ocean currents this year have attracted fish we don't normally see in these waters.

Example 1:Thermohaline circulation

99. Water Cycle

Definition:the cycle of processes by which water circulates between the earth's oceans, atmosphere, and land, involving precipitation as rain and snow, drainage in streams and rivers, and return to the atmosphere by evaporation and transpiration.

Sentence: The Earth's water is always in movement, and the water cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth.

Examples:When water evaporates from oceans and then returns to the land in the form of rain.

100. Ground Water

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Definition:Water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock.

Sentence:Water beneath the Earth's surface underground in streams and aquifers is groundwater.

Examples:Streams, Aquifers, Rivers

101. Surface Water

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Definition:Water that collects on the surface of the ground; the top layer of a body of water.

Sentence:Surface water can be found on the ground, or in a stream, river, lake, wetland or ocean.

Examples:Creeks, Lakes, and Streams

102. Groundwater Cross Section

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Definition:

103. Wells

Benefits:The water in the wells are very healthy to drink, it has lots of nutrition but sometimes can have health concerns.

Drawbacks:Health concerns for the drinking water

104. Aquifer Depletion

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Benefits:
It is the source of drinking water for about half the nation and nearly all of the rural population, and it provides over 50 billion gallons per day in support of the Nation’s agricultural economy.

Drawbacks:Health Concerns for wildlife, habitats, aquatic-life

105. Saltwater Intrusion

Benefits:Saltwater Intrusion occurs in coastal freshwater aquifers when the different densities of both the saltwater and freshwater allow the ocean water to intrude into the freshwater aquifer.

Drawbacks:Saltwater Health Concerns

106. Dams

Benefits:Dams have a range of economic, environmental, and social benefits, including recreation, flood control, water supply, hydroelectric power, waste management, river navigation, and wildlife habitat. Dams provide prime recreational facilities throughout the United States.

Drawbacks: Dams are very expensive to build amd must be built to a very high standard, the high cost of dam construction means that they must operate for many decades to become profitable.

107. Dam Removal

Benefits: The United States has led the world in dam building - blocking and harnessing rivers for a variety of purposes, including hydropower, irrigation, flood control and water storage.

Drawbacks:

• Dams reduce river levels
• Dams blocks the river
  
• It slowens the flow of rivers
• Dams alter water temperature
  

108. Agriculture Effects On Freshwater

Benefits:

109. Recreational Effects On Freshwater

Benefits:Recreational demands and evaluate the welfare, effects environmental policies aimed to water quality improvements, this rapidly increases.

Drawbacks:Possible health effects for our fresh drinking water (concerns)

110. Non-Point Source Pollution

Definition:Non-point source (NPS) pollution refers to both water and air pollution from diffuse sources.

Sentence:We experience non-point source pollution everyday, its always in the air and of course our waters too.

Examples:

• Excess fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides from agricultural lands and residential areas.
• Oil, grease and toxic chemicals from urban runoff and energy production.
• Sediment from improperly managed construction sites, crop and forest lands, and eroding streambanks.

111. Point Source Pollution

Definition:Point source pollution, on the most basic level, is water pollution that comes from a single, discrete place, typically a pipe. The Clean Water Act specifically defines a "point source" in section 502(14) of the Act.

Sentence:Everyday we see point source pollution sort of, we see them almost everywhere in certain, particularly places.

Examples:Homes, Pipes, Ditch, Ship or factory smokestock

112. Primary Wastewater Treatment

Definition: Primary treatment involves basic processes to remove suspended solid waste and reduce its biochemical oxygen demand– the amount of oxygen microorganisms must consume to breakdown the organic material present in the wastewater.

Sentence:Today, I learned about primary wastewater treatment and how it treats our waters and all the treatments to it plus etc.

Examples:Pathogens, Biological Oxygen

113. Secondary Waste Water Treatment

Definition:Secondary treatment is a treatment process for wastewater (or sewage) to achieve a certain degree of effluent quality by using a sewage treatment plant with physical phase separation to remove settleable solids and a biological process to remove dissolved and suspended organic compound.

Sentence:We learned about Secondary Wastewater Treatments today in environmental science class.

Examples:Wetland Systems

114. Tertiary Wastewater Treatment

Definition:Tertiary treatment is the final cleaning process that improves wastewater quality before it is reused, recycled or discharged to the environment.

Sentence:This Tertiary treatment removes remaining inorganic compounds, and substances.

Examples:Nitrogen and Phosphorus

115. Sludge

Definition:Thick, soft, wet mud or a similiar viscous mixture of liquid and solid components, especially the product of an industrial or refining process.

Sentence: Sludge is a mass of mud formed in a river bed after a flood.
Example 1: Mud, Silt, oozone