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Wood Unit 5 Vocab
Vocabulary for Unit 5
61
Geography
9th Grade
02/02/2013

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Term
Agribusiness
Definition
System of commercial farming in MDCs
Term
Agricultural Hearths
Definition
Places where agriculture begins
Term
Agriculture
Definition
Deliberate tending of crops and livestock in order to produce food and fiber
Term
Biotechnology
Definition
The use of genetically altered crops in agriculture and DNA manipulation in livestock in order to increase production
Term
Cereal Grains
Definition
Oats, Wheat, Rye, or Barley
Term
Columbian Exchange
Definition
Began in the late 15th and 16th century, when products were carried both ways across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
Term
Commercial Agriculture
Definition
The production of food surpluses, with most crops destined for sale to people outside the farmer's family
Term
Desertification
Definition
Process by which fertile land becomes a desert
Term
Dispersed Settlement Pattern
Definition
Individual farmhouses lie quite far apart
Term
Enclosure
Definition
Fencing or hedging large blocks of land for experiments with new techniques of farming
Term
Erosion
Definition
Gradual destruction of something by physical or chemical action
Term
Extensive Agriculture
Definition
Farming land far from markets in large units
Term
Extensive Subsistence Agriculture
Definition
Involve large areas of land and minimal labor per land unit
Term
Green Revolution
Definition
By 1970s the collection of new agricultural techniques, which involved two important practices: the use of new higher-yield seeds and the expanded use of fertilizers
Term
Hamlets, Villages
Definition
Hamlets are small clusters of buildings, or in sighlty larger settlements called villages
Term
Horticulture
Definition
The grwing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers
Term
Hunters and Gatherers
Definition
Dependent on abundane of food. Hunters hunted, skilled at capturing and killing animals; gatherers learned which plants and fruits were edible and nutritious
Term
Industrial Agriculture
Definition
Modern farming that refers to the industrialized  production of livestock, poultry, fish and crops
Term
Intensive Agriculture
Definition
Methods for high-value and perishable crops in the first ring, where land is subdivided into relatively small units
Term
Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
Definition
Cultivation of small land plots through great amounts of labor and yield per unit and area and population densities are both high
Term
Irrigation
Definition
The channeling of water to fields
Term
Job Specialization
Definition
Other occupations than farming developed; include priests, traders, and builders
Term
Labor Intensive Agriculture
Definition
Type of agriculture that requires large levels of manual labor to be successful
Term
Location Theory
Definition
The general but logical attempt to explain how an economic activity is related to the land space where goods are produced
Term
Long-lot Survey System
Definition
Divides land into narrow parcels that extend from rivers, roads, or canals
Term
Mediterranean Agriculture
Definition
Type of agriculture that occurs in environments that border season the west coasts of continents, with moisture provided by prevailing sea winds, and moderate winter temperatures
Term
Mercantilism
Definition
Econoic system that was developed by the British and Dutch, to create colonie which provided a consistent supply of raw materials for manufacturing
Term
Metes and Bounds
Definition
Natural features are used to mark irregular parcels of land
Term
Milkshed
Definition
Ring of milk production that surrounds a major city
Term
Mixed Crop and Lovestock Farming
Definition
A form of agriculture which involves the raising of crops and livestock on the same land spread
Term
Neolithic Revolution
Definition
Revolution which involved the domestication of crops and animals to create a stable food supply for human societies
Term
Nomadism
Definition
Practice of moving frequently from one place to another
Term
Nucleated Settlement Pattern
Definition
Settlement patterns with villages located quite close together with relatively small surrounding fields
Term
Organic Agriculture
Definition
Crops grown without fertilizers and pesticides
Term
Pampas
Definition
Portions of South American prairies devoted to grazing livestock including sheep and cattle
Term
Pastoral Nomadism
Definition
Form of subsistence agriculture based on heading domesticated animals
Term
Patriarchal System
Definition
System which developed, which gave men the power in family, economics, and government
Term
Plantation Farming
Definition
Farming that specializes in 1 or 2 crops found today in Latin America, Africa and Asia
Term
Primary Sector
Definition
Part of the economy that draws raw materials from the natural environment
Term
Post-Industrial Societies
Definition
Countries where most poeple are no longer employed in industry
Term
Primogeniture
Definition
All of the land is given to the eldest son
Term
Quaternary Sector
Definition
Oftem seen as a subset of the tertiary sector. Includes service jobs concerned with research and development, management and administration, and processing and disseminating information
Term
Rectangular Survey System
Definition
Encourages people to disperse evenly across interior farmland so that it is fair to all
Term
Second Agricultural Revolution
Definition
Began in Western Europe in the 1600s, which intensified agriculture by promoting higher yields per acre and per farmer
Term
Secondary Sector
Definition
Part of the economy that transforms raw materials into goods
Term
Seed Agriculture
Definition
Production of plants through annual planting of seeds
Term
Seed Drill
Definition
More effectively planting seeds
Term
Shifting Cultivation (Swidden Agriculture)
Definition
"Slash and Burn" or Swidden Agriculture, exists primarily in rain forest sonzes of Central and South America, west Africa, Eastern and Central Asia, and much of Southern China and Southeast Asia
Term
Specialization
Definition
Growing of specialized crops because they seem to be the most profitable
Term
Subsistence Agriculture
Definition
Production of only enough food to feed the farmer's family. Mostly seen in LDC's
Term
Sustainable Agriculture
Definition
Attempts to integrate plant and animals production practices that will protect the ecosystem over the long term
Term
Teritary Sector
Definition
Part of the economy that provides services rather than goods
Term
Third Agricultural Revolution
Definition
started in mid-29th century and is still going on today and is mainly industrial agriculture
Term
Truck Farming
Definition
Relies on mostly machinery and got  its name because "truck" originally meant "bartering" in English language
Term
Vegetative Planting
Definition
New plants are produced by direct cloning from existing plants, such as cutting stems and dividing roots
Term
von Thunen Model
Definition
Assumed that a flat terrain with uniform soil and no significant barriers to transportation to market
Term
Wattle
Definition
Poles and sticks woven tightly together and then covered with mud
Term
Wet (Low Land) Rice
Definition
Wet rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then moved as seedlings to a flooded field to promote growth
Term
Winter Wheat Area
Definition
Kansas, Colorado, Oklahoma, where the crop is planted in the autumn, survives the winter, and ripens the following summer
Term
Spring Wheat Area
Definition
Dakota and Montana. where winters are too severe for winter wheat; and the Palouse Region of Washington State
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