Term
The neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (ACh)
is the messenger at every junction between...? |
|
Definition
| Motor neuron and Skeletal muscles |
|
|
Term
| The Somatic nervous system is a division of what larger nervous system? |
|
Definition
| Peripheral nervous system (controls the body's skeletal muscles.) |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous system? |
|
Definition
| The Sympathetic nervous system arouses the body (flight or flight), and the Parasympathetic calms the body to conserve energy. |
|
|
Term
| Nueroglia such as Shwann cells and Oligodendroglia both produces this very important fatty material that insulates nerves..? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Action potential can be defined as...? |
|
Definition
| A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that ravels down an axon. |
|
|
Term
| What first occurs during depolarization in the process of action potential? |
|
Definition
| Stimulus of sufficient strength reaches the cell membrane (which is selectively permeable), large influx of sodium enters membrane, changes resting potential to 20+ mV. |
|
|
Term
| What occurs after depolarization, better known as repolarization...? |
|
Definition
| Potassium gate opens and begins to exit cell. Cell reaches potential of -100 mV before returning to its normal resting potential of -70 mV. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neurons located within the brain + spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs. |
|
|
Term
| What do GABA or Gamma Aminobutyric Acid do ? |
|
Definition
| Slows down neuron transmissions, considered an inhibitory neurotransmitter. |
|
|
Term
| The thalamus directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex, but it does not direct...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heinrich Kluver and Paul Bucy are best known for doing what experiment on the amygdala? |
|
Definition
| They surgically lesioned an ill tempered monkeys amygdala, and it turned to actually mellow it out. Confirmed the amygdala's role in the perception of emotion. |
|
|
Term
| What are the Association areas, and what do they do ? |
|
Definition
| Areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, thinking, speaking. |
|
|
Term
| What are Otfrid Foerster and Wilder Penfield best known for ? |
|
Definition
| They where the first to map out the motor cortex and discover it. |
|
|
Term
| Aphasia is an impairment of language. Damage to Broca's area and Wernicke's area cause what specific form of aphasia? |
|
Definition
| Broca's aphasia causes an individual to comprehend what is being said, but unable to speak. Wernicke's aphasia allows one to speak but not comprehend. |
|
|
Term
| Split brain indicates what? |
|
Definition
| Surgery that literally splits the brain and causes each hemisphere to become isolated by cutting the fibers of the corpus callosum, which connects them. |
|
|
Term
| Roger Sperry & Michael Gazzaniga conducted what kind of experiment that pertained to the idea of split brain. |
|
Definition
| Subjects where shown the word HEART, but those who could see it from the left saw HE and those who saw it from the right saw ART. |
|
|
Term
| What impact does the Endocrine System have on the body? |
|
Definition
| Controls metabolism,Growth rate, digestion, blood pressure, sexual development, and reproduction. Hypothalamus is in charge of this system. |
|
|
Term
| Explain what the Limbic system is..? |
|
Definition
| Doughnut shaped neural system that includes the Hippocampus, Amygdala, and hypothalamus. Also, it is located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives. |
|
|
Term
| What is the oldest part of the brain? |
|
Definition
| The Brainstem. which is also your brains cross over point that connects the opposite sides of ones body. |
|
|
Term
| Pineal Gland produces what? |
|
Definition
| Melatonin; it regulates sleep and wake cycles. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three main neurons, and what do they do? |
|
Definition
| Sensory (Collects information about the environment from your senses.) Motor (Information communicated to muscles and glands). Interneurons (Information between neurons.) |
|
|
Term
| What is the Sodium Potassium Pump? |
|
Definition
| Mechanism by which ions are allowed to pass through the membrane of the neural cell. |
|
|
Term
| V.S Ramachandran discovered what ? |
|
Definition
| Phantom sensations in which an individual may have lost a ligament but goes insane with pain coming from the non existent ligament. |
|
|
Term
| Who are Gustav Fritsch and Edward Hitzig ? |
|
Definition
| German physicians who did an experiment in which they electrically stimulated a dog's cortex and discovered that it could make certain body parts move. |
|
|
Term
Tell the difference between a Computed tomography scan (CT), Positron emission tomography scan (PET), Magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI), and an functional MRI (fMRI), Electroencephalogram (EEG). |
|
Definition
| CT scan (A series of x-rays ) PET scan (Detects brain activity through a radioactive form of glucose, blood flow, oxygen levels, sugar levels.) MRI (Measures density of brain tissue through magnetic fields+radio waves.) fMRI (Blood flow through brain activity.) EEG (records waves of electrical activity in brain.) |
|
|
Term
| Todd Kuiken is most know for this technological breakthrough ...? |
|
Definition
| Neural Prosthetics which are almost like artificial electrodes that can be implanted into the brain so it can assist in movements. |
|
|
Term
| Define the Reticular Formation? |
|
Definition
| Also know as the Reticular Activating System (RAS). A nerve network in the brainstem that helps in controlling arousal. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between Kinesthetic and Vestibular. |
|
Definition
| Kinesthetic is body position, and Vestibular is the body's balance. |
|
|
Term
| Behavior genetics study exactly what ? |
|
Definition
| The relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior. |
|
|
Term
| What is an Agonist and an Antagonists? |
|
Definition
| An agonist is a molecule that may be similar enough to a neurotransmitter to bind to its receptor and mimic its effects. An antagonists also could bind to receptor site but instead blocks the function of the neurotransmitter. |
|
|
