Term
|
Definition
| a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables the fibers of neurons; enables greater speed of neural impulses as the impulses moves from one node to the next. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite of the receiving neuron. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons, When released, they travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, influencing whether the neuron will generate a neural impulse. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the body's electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the brain and spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs. |
|
|
Term
| sympathetic nervous system |
|
Definition
| the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. |
|
|
Term
| parasympathetic nervous system |
|
Definition
| the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the body's slow chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most influential gland of the endocrine system. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the base of the brainstem' controls heartbeat and breathing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; responsible for automatic survival functions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brain's sensory switchboard located on top of the brainstem; directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two limabean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system, linked to emotion, learning processes, new and emotional memories. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neural structure below the thalamus; directs several maintenance activities, helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movement. |
|
|
