Term
| Is mitosis an example of asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of mitosis? |
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Definition
| growth and to replace dead or damaged cells |
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Term
| What types of cells are made via mitosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Each half of a chromsome is called ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the sister chromatids attached? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many chromosomes are found in human somatic cells? Reproductive cells? |
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Definition
| somatic=46, reproductive=23 |
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Term
| _____ attach to the centromeres & move chromosomes. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the stages of the cell cycle? |
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Definition
| interphase (S1, G, S2), mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase), cytokinesis |
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Term
| In which phase of the cell cycle does the cell carry out its daily processes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the goal of mitosis? |
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Definition
| divide the mother cell into 2 identical daughter cells |
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Term
| What happens during prophase of mitosis? |
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Definition
| DNA condenses (becomes more compact), centrioles move to opposite poles, spindle fibers form, nuclear membrane breaks down |
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Term
| What happens during metaphase of mitosis? |
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Definition
| chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell |
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Term
| What happens during anaphase of mitosis? |
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Definition
| sister chromatids separate from each other pulled to opposite poles of the cell |
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Term
| What happens during telophase of mitosis? |
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Definition
| chromosomes decondense, new nuclear membranes begin to form around each set of DNA |
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Term
| How does cytokinesis occur in animal cells? |
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Definition
| a cleavage furrow develops, the cytoplasm is pinched |
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Term
| How does cytokinesis occur in plant cells? |
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Definition
| a cell plate forms from the inside out, eventually generating a complete cell wall |
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Term
| How are cancer cells different from normal cells? |
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Definition
| cancer cells lose the ability to control the rate of cell division, checkpoints are skipped |
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Term
| What is the difference between a benign and malignant tumor? |
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Definition
benign= doesn't spread
malignant= can spread |
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Term
| Gametes are produced by ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do gametes need to be created via meiosis? |
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Definition
| the chromosome number needs to be cut in half |
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Term
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Definition
| process where egg & sperm fuse to create zygote |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Define homologous chromosomes. |
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Definition
| pair of chromosomes that are inherited from different parents, carry the same genes |
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Term
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Definition
| cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| cell that contains 1 set of chromosomes |
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Term
| Give an example of a human diploid cell. |
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Definition
| somatic (liver, brain, skin, stomach, nerve cells are all examples) |
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Term
| Give an example of a human haploid cell. |
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Definition
| reproductive cell (egg/sperm) |
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Term
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Definition
| display of a person's chromosomes |
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Term
| How would you determine the gender of a person using a karyotype? |
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Definition
look at the 23rd pair (sex chromosomes)
XX=female, XY=male |
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Term
| What occurs during prophase I? |
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Definition
| tetrads form, crossing over occurs |
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Term
| What occurs during metaphase I? |
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Definition
| homologous chromosomes line up in middle of cell |
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Term
| What occurs during anaphase I? |
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Definition
| homologous chromosomes separate & are pulled to opposite poles of cell |
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Term
| What occurs during telophase I? |
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Definition
| nuclear envelope reforms, chromosomes decondense, cleavage furrow starts to form |
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Term
| What occurs during prophase II? |
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Definition
| nuclear membrane breaks down, chromosomes condense |
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Term
| What occurs during metaphase II? |
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Definition
| single chromosomes line up in center of cell |
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Term
| What occurs during anaphase II? |
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Definition
| sister chromatids separate |
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Term
| What is the result of meiosis? |
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Definition
| 4 genetically different daughter cells |
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Term
| What factors contribute of genetic variation? |
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Definition
| chromosome assortment, crossing over |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomes fail to separate correctly during division |
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Term
| When nondisjunction occurs at chromosome 21, what condition results? |
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Definition
| Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) |
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Term
[image]
Name this stage of mitosis |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Name this stage of mitosis |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Name this stage of mitosis. |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Name this stage of mitosis |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Name this stage of mitosis |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Name this stage of mitosis |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Name this stage of mitosis |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Name this stage of mitosis |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
What stage of the cell cycle are these cells in? |
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Definition
| interphase (notice the nucleolus) |
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Term
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Definition
| anaphase I (homologous pairs are separating) |
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Term
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Definition
| interphase (chromatin has not condensed, nuclear envelope still intact) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Name this phase of meiosis |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Name this phase of meiosis |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Name this phase of meiosis |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Name the part that is circled |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Name the structure |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Homologous chromosomes (or tetrad) |
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Term
[image]
Is this karyotype normal? Male or female? |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Male or female? Explain. |
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Definition
| female, look at the 23 pair of chromosomes to determine gender (XX=female) |
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Term
[image]
Why is this karyotype abnormal? |
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Definition
| There are 2 X chromosomes & 1 Y chromosome.(this is called Klinefelter's syndrome) |
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