Term
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Definition
| uses RNA polymerase and creates mRNA from DNA template-1.) helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases 2.) DNA strand breaks apart 3.)RNA Polymerase brings in mRNA nucleotides and matches them with their DNA complement. |
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Term
| where does transcription happen |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1.)mRNA leaves nucleus and gets to ribosome 2.)tRNA uses anticodon to bring amino acid to the ribosome 3.) tRNA temporarily bonds to mRNA and puts amino acid in place on the new protein |
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Term
| where does translation occur |
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Definition
| in ribosome which is in cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which the info in a gene is used to create a protein |
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Definition
| segment of a DNA molecule that codes for a specific protein |
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Definition
| group of 3 nucleotides on mRNA that specify a particular amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
| building block (monomer) of a protein |
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Term
| How do enzymes help in the protein synthesis process |
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Definition
| 2 enzymes r needed to make proteins-Helicase and Polymerase |
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Term
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Definition
| breaks the hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases(transcription) |
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Term
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Definition
| brings new nucleotides and bonds them to existing strands |
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Term
| 3 over all things that occur during protein synthesis..... |
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Definition
| 1.) DNA unzips and exposes the sequence of nitrogenous bases to mRNA 2.) transcription 3.) translation |
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Term
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Definition
| process in which the genetic code in DNA is carried by messenger RNA (mRNA) to ribosomes to produce specific proteins from amino acids |
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Term
| wat has to happen to the mRNA before it leaves the nucleus |
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Definition
| it needs to be sliced, DNA is spilt into introns and exons and enzymes cut the introns out and leave exons |
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Term
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Definition
| goes with tRNA, corresponds to codon of mRNA |
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Term
| bonds between amino acids |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| determined that traits were passed from generation to generation. |
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Term
| Frederick Griffith - 1928 |
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Definition
| That somehow the dead bacteria have passed their disease-causing substance to the harmless, living bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Avery’s team determined that genes are composed of DNA, not protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Chargaff discovered that DNA has the same amount of adenosine as thymine and the same amount of cytosine as guanine. A = T and G = C |
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Term
| Rosalind Franklin & Maurice Wilkins |
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Definition
| used x-ray diffraction to discover that DNA was a double helix |
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Term
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Definition
| won a Nobel Prize for discovering the structural model of DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| phosphate group, 5 carbon sygar, nitrogen base |
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Term
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Definition
| adenine and guanine- double ring |
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Term
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Definition
| thymine and cytosine-single ring |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer, messenger, ribosmal |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| RNA, DNA-only in prokaryote cells |
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Definition
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| functions in protein synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| changes in genetic material,parts of the DNA will have a nitrogenous base (or more) missing, added, or exchanged |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic disorder caused by fefect in genes |
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Term
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Definition
| very common, approximately 6 mutations in every cell |
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Term
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Definition
| No b/c not all DNA makes proteins-junk DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA sequences between genes tht dont code 4 any proteins |
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Term
| 2 big branches of gene mutation |
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Definition
| point mutation and frameshift |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| WAts one type of pt mutation |
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Definition
| substitution mutation- one nitrogen base is dropped and another one pops in |
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Term
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Definition
| when a nucleotide is added or deleted, and the groupings are shifted |
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Term
| what are the two types of framshift |
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Definition
| insertion- an extra nitrogen base is added deletion- one nitrogen base is removed |
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Term
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Definition
| mutagens, natural errors durin DNA replication |
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Term
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Definition
| something tht causes DNA code to change EXamples- xrays, harmful chemicals |
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Term
| wat mutation has least affect |
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Definition
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Term
| wat/wen mutation has most affect |
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Definition
| frameshift, wen it occurs in sex cells, or early embroyonic cells |
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Term
| wat mutations r passed on |
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Definition
| ones tht occur in sex cells |
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