Term
| What do CNS stimulants stimulate? |
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Definition
| neurotransmitters in the brain: dopamine, seratonin, norepinephrine |
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Term
| What are CNS stimulants used to treat? |
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Definition
| ADHD, Narcolepsy, Obesity (Anorexiants), respiratory distress (Analeptics), headaches/migraines |
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Term
| What patient teachings are associated with CNS stimulants? |
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Definition
| take everyday in the AM, irritation on empty stomach, can suppress appetite, limit caffeine, monitor weight & height at onset and again monthly |
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Term
| What adverse effects are associated with CNS stimulants? |
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Definition
| overstimulation of cardiac system: increase in BP & HR, palpitations, dysrythmia, tachycardia |
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Term
| What is the antidote for respiratory depression from drug overdose or postanesthesia? |
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Definition
| respiratory stimulant: doxapram (Dopram) |
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Term
| What are the drugs prescribed as CNS stimulants? |
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Definition
| amphetamines: habit forming (speed), SSRI: migraines or depression (triptans) |
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Term
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Definition
| Selective Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitors used for migraines or depression; example fluoxetine (Prozac) |
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Term
| What are the side effects of SSRI's? |
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Definition
| dry mouth, blurred vision, insomnia, headache, nervousness, sexual dysfunction |
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Term
| What classifications of drugs fall under CNS depressants? |
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Definition
| sedative-hypnotics and anesthetics |
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Term
| What are CNS depressants (hypnotics)prescribed for? |
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Definition
| To help patients get to sleep and stay asleep longer |
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Term
| What forms of CNS depressants (hypnotics) are there? |
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Definition
| Class II:barbiturates: short-acting, intermediate-acting, long-acting; Class IV:benzodiazepines: |
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Term
| What teachings are associated with CNS depressants (hypnotics)? |
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Definition
| 1hr before bed, 6-8 hrs uninterrupted sleep, monitor for sleep walking and hangover, short term use only 3-4 mths, elderly smaller doses, long-term 3-4 mths then skip 1-2 nights a week |
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Term
| What is the antidote for a benzodiazepine overdose? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the side effects associated with CNS depressants? |
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Definition
| residual drowsiness (hangover), drug dependency, drug tolerance, withdrawal symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| balnced, general, spinal (lay flat 6-8 hrs, force fluids), narcotic (opioid) or non-narcotic (NSAID's) |
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Term
| Types of narcotic analgesics? |
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Definition
| Morphine & Codeine (controlled substances) |
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Term
| Tylenol is an NSAID. What is the antidote for a Tylenol overdose? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is admiistered for a narcotic overdose? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the side effects associated with taking narcotic analgesics? |
|
Definition
| respiratory depression, orthostatic hypotension, tolerance and dependence, withdrawal symptoms |
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Term
| What are the signs of a narcotic overdose? |
|
Definition
| pinpoint pupils, respiration <10, increased confusion |
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Term
| What are the contraindications to giving a narcotic? |
|
Definition
| head injury, respiratory depression/distress, shock or severe hypotension |
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Term
| What drug is prescribed for a narcotic addiction? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best way to treat chronic pain? |
|
Definition
| with a non-narcotic that has a long half-life |
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Term
| Morphine sulfate is a narcotic analgesic prescribed for pain. What are the nursing interventions? |
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Definition
| Monitor VS, assess pain on 0-10 scale, have Narcan avail, assess for paralytic ileus and constipation, ck for pupil dilation (OD) |
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Term
| What are the side effects associated with taking Morphine? |
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Definition
| respiratory depression, N/V, constipation, pruritus, urinary retention |
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Term
| Other CNS classifications besides stimulants, hypnotics, anesthetics, and analgesics? |
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Definition
| antipsychotics, anxiolytics, antidepressants and mood stabilizers |
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Term
| Psychosis is caused by an imbalance in what neurotransmitter? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common form of psychosis? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are the positive symptoms of psychosis? |
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Definition
| hallucinations, paranoia, illusions of grandeur (outward signs) |
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Term
| What are the negative symptoms of psychosis? |
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Definition
| unintelligible speech, poor self-care (inward) |
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Term
| What are the EPS side effects of antipsychotic drugs? |
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Definition
| Pseudoparkinsonism, acute dystonia, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (rare-sudden onset) |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of pseudoparkinsonism? |
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Definition
| stooped posture, masklike features, rigidity, tremors at rest, shuffling gait, bradykinesia, pill-rolling of hand, symptoms will d/c with d/c in meds |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of acute dystonia? |
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Definition
| muslce spasms of face, tongue, neck and back; facial grimacing; invouluntary upward eye mvmnts; laryngeal spasms |
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|
Term
| What are the symptoms of Akathisia? |
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Definition
| Constant motion i.e pacing |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia? |
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Definition
| protrusion and rolling of tongue, chewing action |
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Term
| What is the treatment for pseudoparkinsonism, acute dystonia, or akathisia? |
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Definition
| keep on meds; treat symptoms |
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|
Term
| What is the treatment for tardive dyskinesia? |
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Definition
| Tkae of meds immediately and find an alternative. |
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|
Term
| What method is used to administer an antipsychotic? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What antipsychotics treat + symptoms only; + and - ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are advantages of using Atypical antipsychotics? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug interactions do patients need to be aware of? |
|
Definition
| no alcohol, other CNS depressants, sedatives,hypnotics, narcotics, antidepressants or benzodiazipines |
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Term
| What 2 things are anxiolytics used to treat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drugs are used to treat anxiety? |
|
Definition
| barbiturates, benzodiazipines |
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|
Term
| What is administered for a benzo overdose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common psychiatric disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What neurotransmitters are effected with depression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of depression? |
|
Definition
| reactive or exogenous, major or unipolar, bipolar affective |
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|
Term
| What are the 4 antidepressant agents? |
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Definition
| TCA's, SSRI's, MAOI's, Atypical antidepressants |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| major depression and agitated depression; block uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin |
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Term
| What are the side effects of taking TCA's? |
|
Definition
| drowsiness, ortho hypotension, dry mouth, blurred vision, tachycardia, bradycardia, constipation, urinary retention, and dysrythmias |
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Term
| What are the side effects of taking TCA's? |
|
Definition
| drowsiness, ortho hypotension, dry mouth, blurred vision, tachycardia, bradycardia, constipation, urinary retention, and dysrythmias, sedation, EPS symptoms |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are the uses of SSRI's? |
|
Definition
| major depression, anxiety disorders, migraine headaches |
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|
Term
| What are Atypical antidepressants used to treat? |
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Definition
| major depression, reactive depression, anxiety when not responding to anything else |
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|
Term
| When are MAOI's prescribed? |
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Definition
| As very end of line drug for depression; inactivates all neuros & allows them to work |
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|
Term
| What foods are not allowed while taking MAOI's? |
|
Definition
| foods with tyramine; CAN CAUSE HTN CRISIS; wait 2 weeks after stopping to change drugs |
|
|
Term
| What foods contain tyramine? |
|
Definition
| cheese, red wine, cream, yogurt, coffee, chocolate, bananas, liver, pickled herring, beer |
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Term
| What are the drug name is used as an MAOI? |
|
Definition
| tranylcypromine (Parnate) |
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Term
| What are the side effects of taking MAOI's? |
|
Definition
| sedation, drowsiness, bradycardia, constipation, urinary retention, EPS symptoms |
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|
Term
| What is the mood stabilizer Lithium (Eskalith) prescribed for? |
|
Definition
| bipolar disorder; manic episodes |
|
|
Term
| What are the therapeutic ranges for lithium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the toxic range for Lithium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It levels the neurotransmitters |
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|
Term
| What are the adverse effects of taking Lithium? |
|
Definition
| tremors, N/V, drowsiness, lethargy, polyuria, sodium depletion, ortho hypotension |
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|
Term
| What are the nursing interventions involved with taking Lithium? |
|
Definition
| monitor serum electrolytes and lithium levels closely, monitor I&O's due to polyuria, monitor BP & weight |
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