Term
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Definition
| combination of community and habitat |
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Term
ocean is a ....
earth is a .... |
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Definition
earth is a closed system
ocean is a open system
evaporation and latent heat up
precipitation and solar radiation move in |
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Term
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Definition
| creates condensation (latent heat is released and clouds created) |
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Term
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Definition
| creates precipitation (mass) that falls back into the ocean |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the total amount of light energy converted by producers into organic compounds in a given area per unit of time |
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Term
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Definition
| the total amount of enery fixed by photosynthesis per unit times minus that expended by photosynthetic organisms to fuel metabolic activites |
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Term
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Definition
| the total weight of all ecosystem organisms and increases as a result of the ecosystem's net primary productivity |
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Term
| aquatic ecosystems have inverted pyramids.... |
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Definition
| the turnover of phytoplankton producers being consumed by zooplankton is very high |
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Term
| phytoplankton can never build a large biomass, |
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Definition
| they still produce the largest amount of energy |
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Term
| biomass of primary producers |
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Definition
| greater than that of higher trophic levels |
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Term
| perks of nutrient recycling |
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Definition
Think of finite versus infinite earthly resources.
Think of the concept of carrying capacity of habitats.
Think of producers of energy in the ecosystem and their requirements. |
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Term
| nutrients that need most recycling? |
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Definition
Nitrogen (has gaseous component)
Carbon (has gaseous component)
Phosphorous (has no gaseous component)
Sulfur (has gaseous component)
Add water to this mix |
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Term
| environmental water cycle |
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Definition
-water vapor in the atmosphere condenses and falls to earth as precipitation
-it reenters the atmosphere by evaporation from lakes, rivers, and oceans |
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Term
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Definition
-water is taken up by plant roots
-after passing through the plant, it evaporates from plant leaves via transpiration |
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Term
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Definition
| groundwater in permeable, saturated, underground layers of rock, sand, and gravel---beware of chemical pollution |
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Term
| forests in the water cycle |
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Definition
Forests increase precipitation
Forests increase cloud cover
Forests decrease transpiration |
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Term
| how is carbon returned to the atmosphere? |
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Definition
| respiration, combustion, erosion |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms extract energy from organic molecules and give off carbon dioxide as a by-product |
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Term
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Definition
| when we burn wood or fossil fuels, carbon trapped long ago is released to the atmosphere |
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Term
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Definition
-when marine organisms die, their calcium carbonate shells are deposited, forming limestone
when limestone deposits become exposed and begin to erode, carbon is released back to the oceans |
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Term
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Definition
| plants, algae, decaying/decomposing living things |
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Term
| roles of forests in carbon cycle |
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Definition
| provide oxygen and carbon dioxide |
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Term
| carbon cycle can be altered or affected... |
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Definition
| increased use of fossil fuels and deforestation |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria break triple bond of nitrogen forming ammonia |
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Term
| how can the nitrogen cycle be altered? |
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Definition
| fertilizers, fossil fuels, deforestation; slide 41 unit 5 part 2 |
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Term
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Definition
| gaseous and organic nitrogen, ammonia, ammonium ion, nitrate |
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Term
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Definition
| convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia and ammonium ions |
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Term
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Definition
| convert organic nitrogen ( from dead or decaying organism) into ammonia and ammonium ion |
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Term
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Definition
| convert nitrates into gaseous nitrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| soil/rock or water...come from decomposed organisms |
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Term
| phosphorus is a key part of |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| if P-containing fertilizers or detergents pollute a lake, rapid uncontrolled blooms of algae...results in lots of dead excess algae being decomposed by bacteria which uses up the lake's dissolved oxygen, killing other organisms |
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Term
| what is the source of phosphorus? |
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Definition
| rocks and soil, herbivores, carnivores |
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Term
| How can the phosphorous cycle be altered or affected? |
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Definition
| If unutilized phosphates settle at the bottom of the ocean and become part of the sedimentary rock, they become unavailable for living things affecting the cycle. |
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Term
| Sulfur is found as ....and originates from |
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Definition
| hydrogen sulfide, volcanoes, decomposition of living things especially from wetland habitats |
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrogen sulfide first combines with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide which then combines with water to form sulfuric acid. |
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Term
| The distribution of life on earth is the result of the interactions of the earth with: |
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Definition
solar heat (temperature)
global atmospheric circulation |
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Term
| Temperature and global atmospheric circulation control |
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Definition
| local climate, the amount and distribution of water |
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Term
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Definition
| 6C for every 1,000-meter increase in elevation |
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Term
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Definition
| the air dries the surrounding landscape, often producing a desert |
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Term
| as latitude increases...species... |
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Definition
| As latitude increases, species diversity decreases. |
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Term
| As altitude increases, species diversity . |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
happens every 2-7 years, warming of pacific waters caused by shift in winds that usually carry warm water from east to west,
-cause more winter storms in CA coast, and wetter/colder winter in FL and gulf coast areas |
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Term
| 3 main types of ecosystems |
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Definition
| shallow water, open-sea surface and deep sea waters |
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Term
| which oceanic ecosystem has the most organsims? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| partly enclosed bodies of water, such as river mouths and coastal bays, have intermediate salinities |
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Term
| which contains the most phytoplankton and perform 40% of all photosynthesis? |
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Definition
| open sea surface(pelagic zone) |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized to a local area |
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Term
| how can deep-sea inhabitants be autotrophic? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| littoral (shallow), limnetic (open water) and profundal (deep water) |
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Term
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Definition
| lots of organic matter in lake; they have little oxygen at deep depths but are re-infused at overturns |
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Term
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Definition
| scarce to sterile organic matter, because they are deeper, they always have deep waters rich in oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
a process in which water at 4C sinks below water that is either cooler or warmer
-bc 4 degrees is when water is most dense |
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Term
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Definition
| spring and fall, new nutrients from deeper waters brought up by thaw |
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Term
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Definition
swamp has trees and marsh doesnt
marsh: wetland dominated by herbaceous plants, can be freshwater or saltwater
swamp: dominated by trees or shrubs; cypress, riparian, mangrove |
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Term
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Definition
| habitat dominated by mosses (sphagnum spp.) |
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Term
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Definition
terrestrial ecosystem
7 major and 7 minor
*biomes that normally occur at high latitudes also follow an altitudinal gradient along mountains |
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Term
| how is a biome characterized? |
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Definition
| particular climate and defined group of organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| grasslands that have widely spaced trees and seasonal rainfall |
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Term
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Definition
(prairies) occur in temperate areas
mostly used for agriculture |
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Term
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Definition
a great ring of coniferous trees that extends across vast areas of North America and Asia
-mostly only one or two species |
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Term
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Definition
| open, often boggy, grassland that occurs in the far north beyond the taiga |
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Term
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Definition
| usually exists within 1 meter of the surface; found in tundra |
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Term
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Definition
evergreen, often spiny shrubs and low trees
mediterranean |
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Term
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Definition
lie over the Arctic Ocean in the north and Antarctica in the south
almost no precipitation and freshwater is scarce |
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Term
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Definition
occur at slightly higher altitudes than rainforest or where local climates are drier
Rainfall is seasonal
monsoon season brings rainfall from the oceans into the interior |
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