Term
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
(DNA) |
|
Definition
| nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| founded by Watson and Crick; twisted ladder or spiral staircase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| monomer made up of 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| single stranded nucleic acid that contains ribose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complimentary to an mRNA codon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for a single amino acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from the DNA to the rest of the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acid to ribosomes during protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decoding of a mRNA message into a poly-peptide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half; that creates 4 haploid cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trait that is always expressed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| genetic makeup of an organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| founder of genetic and discovered how we inherit traits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| single trait crossed between parents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physical characteristics of an organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allele that is masked by the dominant allele |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there is not one allele that is completely dominant over another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3 or more alleles of the same gene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gene located on the X or Y chromosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hybridization using two traits from two alleles each |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the genotype of an organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mutation that shifts the reading of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| set of photographs of chromosomes grouped in order of pairs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| affects one nucleotide, usually by substituting one nucleotide for another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormality caused by the presence of an additional chromosome to the normal diploid number |
|
|
Term
| X-Chromosome Inactivation |
|
Definition
| process by which one of the two copies of the X chromosome present in female mammals is inactivated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chart that shows the relationship within a family |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an electrical voltage to the gel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals to gather the best traits of both organisms |
|
|
Term
| Polymerace Chain Reaction (PCR) |
|
Definition
| technique that allows the copying of a particular gene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzyme that cuts DNA at the specific sequence of nucleotides |
|
|
