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| The struggle over power or influence within organizations or informal groups that can grant or withold benefits or privileges |
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| The preeminent institution within a society. Government has the ultimate authority to decide how conflicts will be resolved and how benefits and privileges will be allotted |
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| A system of government in which political authority is vested in the people |
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| A form of government in which sovereign power rests with the people, rather than a king or monarch |
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| A form of government in which representatives elected by the people make and enforce laws and policies, but in which the monarchy may be retained in a ceremonial role. |
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| Rights held to be inherent in natural law, not dependent on government. "Life Liberty and pursuit of happiness |
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| A political system in which state or regional government retains ultimate authority except for those powers they expressly delegate to a cnetral government |
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| The principle of dividing governmental powers among different branches of government |
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| First through 10th amendments of the constitution |
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| A doctrine that asserts the priority of national law over state laws. Article 6 of the constitution |
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| Authority is divided usually by a written constitution, between a central government and a regional or subdivisional government. |
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| Necessary and Proper Caluse/Elastic clause |
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| Clause in Art 1 sec 8 of the constitution that grantscongress the power to do whatever is necessary to execute its specifically delegated powers. |
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| Government of Maryland imposed a tax on 2nd bank baltimore branch. Branch cashier refused to pay. State of Maryland won case and went to supreme court. "Does Govt have power to charter a bamk and contribute capital?" Can state tax it? No state can tax a part of national government |
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| Individuals licensed Aaron Ogden to drive steamboats, US licensed Thomas Gibbons, NY prohibited Gibbons, Ruled that state could not prohibit him. |
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| A model of federalism that looks on national and state governments as co-equal sovereign powers. neither state nor the national government should interfere in the other's sphere. |
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| A requirement in federal legislation that forces state and municipalities to comply with certain rules |
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| Those personal freedoms, including freedom of religion and speech, that are protected for all individuals in a society |
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| Clear and Present danger test |
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| expression may be restricted if evidence exists that such expression would cause a dangerous condition, actual or imminent, that congress has the power to prevent |
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| "you have the body" an order that requires jailers to bring a prisonerbefore a court or judge and explain why the person is being held. |
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| All persons have the right to due process in law |
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| A judicial policy prohibiting the admission at trial of illegally seized evidence |
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| Generally, all rights rooted in the 14th amendments guaruntee of equal protection under the law. |
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| Racial segregation that occurs because of patterns of racial residence and similar social conditions |
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| Racial segregation that occurs because of laws or administrative decisions by public agencies |
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| A policy in educational admissions or job hiring that gives special attention or compensatory treatment to traditionally disadvantaged groups in an effort to overcome present effects of past discrimination. |
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| The aggregate of individual attitudes or beliefs shared by some portion of the adult population |
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