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Unit 4 Section A Vocabulary
Gases in the Atmosphere
17
Chemistry
10th Grade
07/20/2012

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Term
troposphere
Definition
the layer of the atmosphere closest to Earth's surface where most clouds and weather are located
Term
pressure
Definition
equals force applied per unit area; in SI, pressure is expressed in pascals (Pa)
Term
International System of Units (SI)
Definition
the modernized metric system
Term
base unit
Definition
an SI unit that expresses a fundamental physical quantity (such as temperature, length, or mass)
Term
derived unit
Definition
an SI unit formed by mathematically combining two or more base units
Term
newton (N)
Definition
the SI unit of force that is roughly equal to the force exerted by a mass of 100 g at Earth's surface
Term
force
Definition
a push or pull exerted on an object; expressed by the newton (N), an SI unit
Term
meter
Definition
the SI base unit of length
Term
pascal (Pa)
Definition
the SI pressure unit; equal to one newton of force applied per square meter, 1 Pa = 1 N/m2
Term
kinetic molecular theory (KMT)
Definition
observed gas behavior and gas laws explained by rapidly moving particles (gas molecules) that are relatively far apart and change direction only through collisions with each other or the container walls
Term
Boyle's Law
Definition
the pressure and volume of a gas sample at constant temperature are inversely proportional; PV = k
Term
kelvin temperature scale
Definition
the absolute temperature scale, where zero kelvins (0 K) represents the theoretical lowest possible temperature; 0 degrees C = 273 K
Term
absolute zero
Definition
the lowest temperature theoretically obtainable, which is 0K (zero kelvins), or -273 degrees C
Term
Charles' law
Definition
the volume of a gas sample at constant pressure is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature; V = kT
Term
Avogadro's law
Definition
equal volumes of all gases, measured at the same temperature and pressure, contain the same number of gas molecules
Term
molar volume
Definition
the volume occupied by one mole of a substance; at 0 degree C and 1 atm, the molar volume of any ideal gas is 22.4 L
Term
ideal gas law
Definition
the mathematical relationship that describes the behavior of an ideal gas sample, PV = nRT, where P = gas pressure; V = gas volume; n = moles of gas; R = gas constant, 0,0821 L atm/(mol K); and T = kelvin temperature
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