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| The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment |
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| The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events. |
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| Analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brains integration of sensory information. |
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| Information processing guided by higher level mental processes. as when we create perception drawing on our experience and expectations. |
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| The study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them. |
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| The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time. |
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| Below ones absolute threshold for conscious awareness. |
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| The minimum difference between 2 stimuli required for detection 50% of the time. We experience this threshold as a just noticeable difference. |
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| The principle that, to be perceived as different, 2 stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage. |
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| Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation. |
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| The distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next. |
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| The dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light: what we know as the color names blue, green etc. |
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| The amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness as determined by the wave's amplitude. |
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| The process by which the eyes lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina. |
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| The light sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of the neurons that begin the processing of visual information. |
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| Retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray: necessary for peripheral and twilight vision when cones don't respond. |
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| Receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. The cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations. |
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| The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain. |
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| The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a blind spot because no receptor cells are located there. |
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| The processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brains natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. |
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| Young-Helmholtz Tri-chromatic Theory |
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| The theory that the retina contains 3 different color receptors- one most sensitive to red, one to green, one to blue-which when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color |
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| The theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, black white etc) enable color vision For example some cells are stimulated by certain colors. |
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| The tendency for vision to dominate the other senses, as when we perceive voices in films as coming from the screen we see rather than from the projector behind us. |
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| The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time. |
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| A tones highness or lowness; depends on frequency. |
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| The chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochleas oval window. |
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| The innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals and vestibular sacs. |
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| A coiled bony fluid filled tube in the inner ear through which wavelengths trigger nerve impulses. |
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| The principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste. |
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| The organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings. |
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| The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups. |
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| The ability to see objects in 3-D although the images that strike the retina are 2-D. |
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| A lab device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals. |
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| Depth cues, such as retinal disparity and vonvergence that depend on the use of 2 eyes. |
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| Distance cues, such as linear perspective and over lap, available to either eye alone. |
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| A binocular cue for perceiving depth: By comparing images from the 2 eyes, the brain computes the distance. |
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| A binocular cue for perceiving depth, the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object. |
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| Perceiving objects such as unchanging,even as illumination and retinal images change. |
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