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Unit 4:
Important Drugs & Definitions!!!
41
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 2
11/01/2014
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Term
Acute Pain:
 Definition
Pain that is Sudden in onset, usually subsides when treated, and typically occurs over less than a 6-week period.
Term
Addiction:
 Definition
A chronic, neurobiologic disease whose development is influenced by genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors (same as psychological dependence).
Term
Adjuvant Analgesic Drugs:
 Definition
Drugs that are added for Combined Therapy with a Primary Drug and may have Additive or Independent Analgesic Properties, or Both.
Term
Adjuvant Analgesic Drugs:
 Definition
Drugs that are added for Combined Therapy with a Primary Drug and may have Additive or Independent Analgesic Properties, or Both.
Term
Agonist:
 Definition
A substance that binds to a receptor and causes a response.
Term
Agonist-Antagonists:
 Definition
Substances that bind to a receptor and cause a partial response that is NOT as Strong as that Caused by an Agonist, also known as a Partial Agonist.
Term
Analgesic Ceiling Effect:
 Definition
What occurs when a given pain drug No Longer Effectively Controls a Patient's Pain Despite the Administration of the Highest Safe Dosages.
Term
Analgesics:
 Definition
Medications that Relieve Pain without Causing Loss of Consciousness (sometimes referred to as Painkillers).
Term
Antagonist:
 Definition
A drug that binds to a receptor and prevents (blocks) a response.
Term
Breakthrough Pain:
 Definition
Pain that Occurs Between Doses of Pain Medication.
Term
Cancer Pain:
 Definition
Pain resulting from Any of a Variety of Causes Related to Cancer and/or the Metastasis of Cancer.
Term
Central Pain:
 Definition
Pain resulting from Any Disorder that Causes Central Nervous System Damage.
Term
Chronic Pain:
 Definition
Persistent or Recurring Pain that is Often Difficult to Treat. Includes any Pain Lasting Longer than 3 to 6 months, Pain Lasting Longer than 1 month, After Healing of an Acute Injury, or Pain that Accompanies a Non-healing Tissue Injury.
Term
Deep Pain:
 Definition
Pain that occurs in Tissues Below Skin Level; Opposite of superficial pain.
Term
Gate Theory:
 Definition
The Most Well-described Theory of Pain Transmission and Pain Relief. It uses a Gate Model to Explain How Impulses from Damaged Tissues are Sensed in the Brain.
Term
Narcotics:
 Definition
A Legal Term established under the Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914. It originally applied to Drugs that Produce Insensibility or Stupor, especially the Opioids (e.g., morphine, heroin). Currently used to refer to any medically used controlled substances and in Legal Settings to Refer to Any Illicit or "Street Drugs."
Term
Neuropathic Pain:
 Definition
Pain that results from a Disturbance of Function or Pathologic Change in a Nerve.
Term
Nociception:
 Definition
Processing of Pain Signals in the Brain that gives Rise to the Feeling of Pain.
Term
Nociceptors:
 Definition
A Subclass of Sensory Nerves. (A & C Fibers) that Transmit Pain Signals to the Central Nervous System from other Body Parts.
Term
Nonopioid Analgesics:
 Definition
Analgesics that are NOT Classified as Opioids.
Term
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs):
 Definition
A Large, Chemically Diverse Group of Drugs that are Analgesics and also Possess Antiinflammatory and Antipyretic Activity but are Not Corticosteroids.
Term
Opioid Analgesics:
 Definition
Synthetic Drugs that Bind to Opiate Receptors to Relieve Pain.
Term
Opioid Naive:
 Definition
Describes Patients who are receiving Opioid Analgesics for the First Time and who therefore are NOT Accustomed to their Effects.
Term
Opioid Talerance:
 Definition
A normal physiologic condition that results from Long-Term Opioid use, In which Larger Doses if Opioids are required to Maintain the Same Level of Analgesia, and in which Abrupt Discontinuation of the Drug Results in Withdrawl Symptoms. (same as Physical Dependence).
Term
Opioid Withdrawal:
 Definition
The Signs and Symptoms Associated with Abstinence from or Withdrawal of an Opioid Analgesic when the body has become Physically Dependent on the substance.
Term
Pain:
 Definition
An Unpleasant Sensory and Emotional Experience Associated with Actual or Potential Tissue Damage.
Term
Pain Threshold:
 Definition
The Level of Stimulus that Results in the Sensation of Pain.
Term
Pain Tolerance:
 Definition
The Amount of Pain a Patient can Endure Without its Interfering with Normal Function.
Term
Partial Agonist:
 Definition
A drug that binds to a receptor and causes a response that is less than that caused by a full agonist, (same as Agonist-Antagonist).
Term
Phantom Pain:
 Definition
Pain experienced in the Area of a Body Part that has been Surgically or Traumatically Removed.
Term
Physical Dependence:
 Definition
A condition in which a patient takes a drug over a period of time and Unpleasant Physical Symptoms (withdrawal symptoms) occur if the drug is Stopped Abruptly or Smaller Doses are Given. The Physical Adaptation of the Body to the Presence of an Opioid or other Addictive Substance.
Term
Psychologic Dependence:
 Definition
A Pattern of Compulsive use of Opioids or any other Addictive Substance Characterized by a Continuous Craving for the Substance and the Need to Use it for effects other than Pain Relief, (also called Addiction).
Term
Referred Pain:
 Definition
Pain occurring in an area Away from the Organ of Origin.
Term
Somatic Pain:
 Definition
Pain that originates from Skeletal Muscles, Ligaments, or Joints.
Term
Special Pain Situations:
 Definition
The general term for pain control situations that are Complex and whose Treatment Typically involves Multiple Medications, various Health Care Personnel, and Non-pharmacological therapeutic modalities (e.g., massage, Chiropractic Care, Surgery).
Term
Superficial Pain:
 Definition
Pain that Originates from the Skin or Mucous Membranes; Opposite of deep pain.
Term
Synergistic Effects:
 Definition
Drug Interactions in which the effects of a Combination of Two or More Drugs with Similar Actions is Greater than the Sum of the Individual Effects of the Same Drugs given alone: For example, 1 + 1 (is greater than) > 2.
Term
Tolerance:
 Definition
The general term for a State in which Repetitive Exposure to a Given Drug, over time, Induces Changes in Drug Receptors, that Reduce the Drug's Effects, (same as Physical Dependence).
Term
Vascular Pain:
 Definition
Pain that results from Pathology of the Vascular or Perivascular Tissues.
Term
Visceral Pain:
 Definition
Pain that Originates from Organs or Smooth Muscles.
Term
World Health Organization (WHO):
 Definition
An International Body of Health Care Professionals, including Clinicians and Epidemiologists among many others, that Studies and Responds to Health Needs and Trends Worldwide.
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