Term
True or False
Forests are an interconnected natural system with damages which are felt globally |
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Definition
False
They are individual systems, but their cumulative effects (due to the fact that deforestation is happening in so many different regions) are what makes loss of forest cover a global change |
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Term
| What are the 4 levels of biological organisation? |
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Definition
genetic
population/species
community/ecosystem
landscape/region |
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Term
| What are some factors affecting loss of biodiversity? |
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Definition
habitat loss/fragmentation/degradation
overexploitation
introduction of invasive species
pollution & contamination
climate change |
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Term
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Definition
| biotic community + abiotic environment |
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Term
| What level of biological organization should be focused on in order to be most efficient in conservation action? Why? |
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Definition
protecting a community or ecosystem
-protects all the species within the ecosytem, and their genetic makeup |
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Term
| What did the Convention on Biological Diversity do? |
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Definition
| called upon the global community to recognise the intrinsic value of biodiversity and its importance for evolution and maintaining the life sustaining systems of our planet |
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Term
True or False
Setting aside waters & lands as protected areas is a comprehensive approach to protecting biodiversity |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the main driver of deforestation in Paraguay? |
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Definition
| creating land for soy, because the soil is excellent quality |
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Term
| What is a 'green desert'? |
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Definition
region with one vegetation species
e.g. massive expanse of soy fields, don't allow any other species to live |
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Term
| What are the drawbacks of biolfuel production? |
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Definition
| supporting all our current needs for fossil fuels via biofuels alone is near impossible, deforestation in order to support the growing demand means trees are being cut down which reduce carbon sequestering |
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Term
| What is sustainable forest management? |
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Definition
| ensuring the goods & services derived from forests meet our present day needs, while ensuring they will continue to exist & contribute to development over the long term |
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Term
| What are ecological networks? |
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Definition
| biotic interactions within an ecosystem |
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Term
| What two major conceptual developments have occurred in conservation biology? |
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Definition
-recognition of the need to maintain genetic diversity within species
-importance of a functional approach to interpreting the scales of how an ecosystem functions |
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Term
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Definition
-spacial distance, but also a measure of how much species, resources & ecological processes can move in a landscape
e.g. different regions for foraging vs. nesting, seasonal migrations |
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Term
| Why might ecological corridors not provide an effective solution to fragmentation? |
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Definition
| -if individual patches connected by the corridors are too small, they cannot support the population & movement of individuals between regional populations |
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Term
| What is the importance of remaking the relationship that currently exists between humans and the environment? |
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Definition
| we currently do not co-exist, need to create a positive relationship that integrates science, politics, human needs and the need for conservation |
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Term
| What are some of the non-cash values of forests? |
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Definition
-household consumption of food sourced from forests e.g. nuts, vegetables, medicinals
-use of wood & non-wood products e.g. for fuel |
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Term
| What are some approaches to community-based forest management? |
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Definition
Decentralization
-shift forest use & management to lower level local government & local communities
Policy Frameworks
-regulate ownership, acceptable land use etc. of forest
-reducing national poverty |
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Term
| What are small & medium forest enterprises? |
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Definition
| -individual, household & community level entrepeneurs which rely on the forest as a source of income & employment |
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