Term
| The genetic information in a cell |
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Definition
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Term
| What contains a cell's genome? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the extrachromosomal pieces of DNA found in bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the bacterial chromosome |
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Definition
Single circular strand of DNA
1 per cell
Contained in nucleoid due to a lack of a nuclear membrane
NOT associated with histone proteins |
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Term
| Describe Eukaryotic chromosomes |
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Definition
Peripheral
Exist in pairs (diploid)
Exist as linear molecs of DNA |
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Term
| Eukaryotic extrachromosomal DNA can be found in ______ and _______ |
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Definition
| Mitochondria; chloroplasts |
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Term
| What are the monomer units of DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nitrogen base is ONLY present in RNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three parts of a nucleotide? |
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Definition
| Phosphate group, sugar, and the nitrogenous base |
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Term
| What is the formula for the pairing rule? |
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Definition
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Term
| DNA is a ____ molecule: cut in half lengthwise, the DNA runs in opposite directions |
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Definition
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Term
| Who discovered the double helix shape of DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ synthesizes new DNA using one of the parental strands as a template |
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Definition
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Term
| DNA replication is semi-_______ |
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Definition
| conservative (one original strand, one daughter strand) |
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Term
| What makes RNA different from DNA? |
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Definition
Ribose is the sugar
Uracil replaces Thymine
SINGLE STRANDED molecule
SHORTER |
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Term
| What are the locations of RNA in eukaryotic cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the location of DNA in eukaryotes? |
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Definition
| nucleus, mitochondria, or chloroplasts |
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Term
| What are the different forms of RNA in prokaryotes? |
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Definition
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Term
Identify:
The synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the PROCESS of transcription |
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Definition
| mRNA carries the coded information from DNA to the ribosomes where proteins are synthesized |
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Term
Identify:
Uses the enzyme RNA polymerase and RNA nucleotides from the cytoplasm for construction of the mRNA molecule |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the "language" of mRNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the "start" codon for mRNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of codons code for amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another name for "stop" codons? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the site of translation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of bonds join AMINO ACIDS? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does transcription occur in eukaryotes? |
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Definition
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Term
True or false:
Prokaryotes have introns AND exons |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ will remove the intron derived RNA and splice together the exon derived RNA To produce mRNA |
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Definition
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Term
| Conjugation requires cell-to-cell ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of plasmid codes for the synthesis of sex pili |
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Definition
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Term
| Conjugating cells must generally be of the _____ mating type |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| high frequency of recombinatino |
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Term
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Definition
| contain genes that synthesize toxic proteins that kill other bacteria |
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Term
| What type of plasmid code for enzymes that trigger catabolism of unusual sugars and hydrocarbons? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Genes are transferred from one bacteria to another as "naked DNA" |
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Term
| What are the three mechanisms of gene transfer? |
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Definition
| transformation, conjugation, transduction |
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Term
| Agents in the environment that directly or indirectly bring about mutations are called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of the Ames test? |
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Definition
| to measure the reversion of histadine auxotrophs |
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Term
| _____ uses bacteria as carcinogen indicators |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the different types of point mutations? |
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Definition
| silent/neutral, missense, and nonsense |
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Term
| a(n)___ has a nutritional requirement that is absent in the parent |
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Definition
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Term
Identify:
when the mRNA is translated into protein the incorrect base may cause the insertion of the incorrect amino acid |
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Definition
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Term
Identify:
creates a stop codon in the middle of an mRNA molec. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is genetic engineering? |
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Definition
| A process by which genes are inserted into cells |
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Term
| ____ is where RNA polymerase initiates transcription |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| organisms that contain genes from another species to improve food quality and productivity |
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Term
| ____ lakes have deep, clean water, low BOD, high DO and high amount of game fish |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ lakes have shallow, murky water, high BOD, low DO |
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Definition
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Term
Identify:
The animal life of the plankton family |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the predominant fecal coliform? |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ water is safe to drink |
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Definition
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Term
| Drinking water is obtained from either ___ ____ or _____ |
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Definition
| surface reservoirs or aquifers |
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Term
| Primary treatment removes _____ ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of secondary treatment? |
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Definition
| to remove organic matter thereby reducing BOD (biological oxygen demand) |
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Term
salmonella typhii
invades gall bladder leading to chronic carriers (typhoid mary)
Humans are the exclusive host |
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Definition
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Term
vibrio cholera
3-5 gallons diarrhea/day
best treatment is oral electrolyte therapy |
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Definition
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Term
shigella flexneri
Diarrhea with mucous and blood
Large intestine is the primary site of the disease |
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Definition
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Term
| Entamoeba histolytica usually from unsanitary food/water treated with antidiarrheal meds |
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Definition
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Term
giardia lamblia
distinctive odor of H2S gas in breath and greasy stools
Common in wilderness water sources |
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Definition
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Term
fecal-oral
virus can survive several days outside of the body
vaccine available |
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Definition
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Term
E. coli
part of normal flora
watery diarrhea with low grade fever |
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Definition
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Term
Salk vaccine is most recommended
Sabin vaccine is oral
virus that has 3 serotypes |
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Definition
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Term
cryptosporidium parvum
protozoan that causes severe watery diarrhea
can be fatal in immunocompromised patients |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| symbiotic organisms that consist of algae and fungi |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the pioneer organisms of barren rock to soil formation? |
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Definition
| lichens and cyanobacteria |
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Term
| _____ uses microbes to detoxify or degrade pollutants |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ makes use of certain microbes selected for growth on petroleum products |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ creates a diamond shaped crystal toxic to insects that ingest it |
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Definition
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Term
| What greenhouse gas is more potent than carbon dioxide? |
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Definition
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