Term
| what do all animals have in common? |
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Definition
Multi-cellular
Heterotrophic
Sexual reproduction
Active movement
Embryonic development
Unique tissues
Cells without cell walls |
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Term
| criteria of classification |
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Definition
1. Cell, tissue or organ
2. Type of body cavity
3. Type of body symmetry
4. Patterns of embryonic development
5. Data from DNA/RNA
6. Others |
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Term
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Definition
sponges (made of cells each can make a new organism)
simplest animals without symmetry
body plan: specialized cells; 2 layers of cells with a central cavity called spongocoel
3 cell types: epithelial(outer layer = Pinacoderm), choanocytes, amoebocytes (inner layers)
cells not organized into tissues
porous body; filter feeders; no muscles/nerves/tissues only cells
body wall supported by a skeleton made of crystals of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), silica (SiO2), spongin (flexible protein fibers) and spicules (stiff)
3 body forms are recognized; hence 3 classes: Asconoid, Syconoid, and Leuconoid
Reproduction:Sexual; asexual; hermaphroditic (produce both egg and sperm) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| secrete materials that build up, harden and protect the sponge |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| what two subdivision of coelomate exist? |
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Definition
protostomes (protostomia)
deuterostomes (deuterostomia) |
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Term
| animals with radial symmetry |
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Definition
| diploblasts...ectoderm and endoderm |
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Term
about cnidaria
types of tissues
nematocytes
body forms
food source?
cns or brain? |
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Definition
body forms: planual larval, poly and medusa
two tissues: epidermis(stinging cells)and gastrodermis (muscles/gland)
carnivore/extracellular digestion
only nerve net |
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Term
| classes of jellyfish (cnidaria) |
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Definition
1. hydrozoa: port. man of war
2. scyphozoa: marine jellyfish
3. anthozoa: sea anemones and corals |
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Term
| how do cnidaria repoduce? |
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Definition
Sexual: gonads (as swellings) form on body walls, those near the mouth produce flagellated sperm, and those swellings near the base are ovaries producing eggs.
Asexual: budding |
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Term
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Definition
| Epidermis of skin; lining of oral cavity and rectum, nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| skeleton, muscular system, dermis of skin, cardiovascular system, excretory system, reproductive system, outer layers of respiratory and digestive systems |
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Term
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Definition
| Lining of digestive tract and respiratory tract, associated glands of these systems, lining of urinary bladder |
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Term
| animals with bilateral symmetry |
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Definition
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Term
| animals with 3 germ layers |
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Definition
| acoelmoate, pseudocoelomate, coelomate |
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Term
| acoelomate...describe...example |
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Definition
No body cavity, organs are in direct contact with outside layer of animal
Platyhelminthes, Nemertea |
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Term
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Definition
Body cavity is partially lined with mesoderm cells; organs loosely held in place
nematoda, rotifera |
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Term
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Definition
Fluid-filled body cavity is entirely lined with mesoderm cells. Organs are attached to each other, suspended in particular order and can move within the cavity.
Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Chordata |
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Term
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Definition
lophotrochozoado not shed skeleton
Earthworms
Flatworms
Molluscs
Ecdysozoa – shed skeleton
Nematodes
Arthropods
ecdysozoa |
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Term
| why do vertebrates have short or long necks? |
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Definition
| SSU rRNA; encodes RNA; changes very slow |
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Term
| simplest of all bilaterally symmetrical animals |
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Definition
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Term
| tissues,cavity of platyhelminthes |
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Definition
ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
aceolomate |
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Term
| platyhelminthes; digestive system, circulatory system, passage of gas/nutrients, 1st to have what? |
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Definition
| saclike digestive system mouth and anus are same opening, no circulatory system, diffusion, head |
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Term
| 3 classes of platyhelminthes |
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Definition
1. turbellaria
2. trematoda
3. cestoidea |
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Term
| plathyhelminths reproduction |
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Definition
| sexual or asexual, most hermaphroditic but don't self fertilize |
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Term
| platyhelminthes compared to parasitic flatworms |
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Definition
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Term
| Rotifera...home environment and |
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Definition
| live in water and soil, spinning wheels that pull in food |
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Term
| Nematoda were the first to have what... |
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Definition
| false body cavity (formed between the ectoderm and mesoderm with tissues derived from the mesoderm not completely lining the cavity) |
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Term
| Nematoda has this kind of body cavity...what is the advantage? Body Plan? |
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Definition
pseudocoelum...allow nutrients to circulate
tube within a tube |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Ascaris Lumbricoides (human and swine parasite)
Vinegar eels (live in rotting vegetation)
Pinworms (Enterobium vermicularis): kids
Trichinella (trichinella spiralis)- a dangerous parasite of rats, pigs, humans, and other mammals |
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Term
| Why is the Nematoda grouped with Phylum arthropoda? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the advanatage of the Nematoda's tough cuticle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nematodes have a parasite relationship with what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Phylum Mollusca are the first to develop |
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Definition
| an efficient excretory system |
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Term
| Mollusca's coelem is formed.. |
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Definition
| within the mesoderm, i.e. tissues of mesoderm completely lining the cavity |
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Term
| what are the advantages of a coelom? |
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Definition
| interactions between the mesoderm and the endoderm allowed the development of specialized organs such as a stomach |
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Term
| what is the second largest animal phylum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What phlyum is the 2nd most sucessful land animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 classes of Mollusca? |
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Definition
| Gastropoda, bivalves, cephalopoda |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How is the mollusca divided? |
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Definition
| foot, visceral mass and mantle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| elysia chlorotica...why is this mollusk green? |
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Definition
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Term
| Phlyum Annelida were the first to... |
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Definition
| evolve with segmented body parts |
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Term
| What are advantages of body segmentation? |
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Definition
| flexibility, division of labor among segments |
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Term
| How are the segments of a annelida connected? |
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Definition
| circulatory and nervous system |
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Term
| what are the 3 classes of phylum annelida? |
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Definition
1. polychaeta: clam worm (nereis) marine
2. oligochaeta: earthworm (lumbricus terrestris)-soil
3. Hirudinea: leechs-freshwater ecto-parasites |
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Term
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Definition
elongated, tube dwelling marine worms
15 species |
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Term
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Definition
| ciliary feeding device that also functions in respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| small colonial animals, looks like plant, animal secretes and lives inside zoecium (exoskeleton) |
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Term
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Definition
| marine with 2 shells, dorsal and ventral valve |
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Term
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Definition
| animals that molt, or shed an outer coat...nematoda, arthropoda |
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Term
| Phylum arthropoda are the first to.. |
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Definition
| develop jointed appendages, develop rigid external skeleton (chitin/protein) |
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Term
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Definition
| most anterior appendage used in feeding |
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Term
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Definition
| appendages double-branched (biramous) |
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Term
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Definition
| appendages single-branched (uniramous) |
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Term
| Arthopoda heart and nervous system |
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Definition
| dorsal heart, ventral nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| why are arthopoda so sucessful? |
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Definition
| tagmata, extensive cephalization (2 or 3 ganglia (nerve tissue that forms a brain segment) connected to several smaller ventral nerve ganglia, compound eyes, |
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Term
| What is the gas exchange system of arthropoda? |
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Definition
| gills, tracheal system with spiracles or book lungs |
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Term
| how do arthropda excrete? |
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Definition
| metanephridia or Malpighian tubules |
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Term
| 6 main classes of arthropods |
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Definition
Trilobita
Arachnida
Diplopoda
Chilopoda
Insecta
Crustacea |
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Term
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Definition
| extinct early arthropods, bottom feeders, little specialization of body segments |
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Term
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Definition
Spiders, scorpions, ticks and mites
2 body segments- cephalothorax and abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 pairs of legs per segment, herbivorous millipedes |
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Term
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Definition
1 pair of legs per segment, carnivorous
centipedes |
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Term
| insecta complete and incomplete metamorphosis |
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Definition
Complete – 4 stages with adult and larval stages very different
Incomplete – 3 stages with young resembling miniature adults |
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Term
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Definition
| found in insects...resemble same branching structures in vertebrate lungs |
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Term
| crustacea...location...examples...body plan and parts...larvae |
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Definition
Crabs, lobsters, barnacles and shrimp
Marine, fresh water and terrestrial
Unique 2 pair of antennae
Mandibles, maxillae and maxillipeds
Swimmerets
Cuticle covering head extends over cephalothorax
Larvae very different from adult |
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Term
| what explains insect diversity? |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Phylum Echinodermata were the first to develop.. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
skeleton beneath the skin (spiny skin)
cannot support great weight, hence animals are small |
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Term
| echinodermata are bilaterally symmetrical as....radially symmetrical as... |
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Definition
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Term
| 5 classes of Echinodermata |
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Definition
1. Asteroidea (Sea Stars)
2. Ophuroidea (Brittle Stars)
3. Crinoidea (Sea Lilies and Feather Stars)
4. Echinoidea (Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars)
5. Holothuroidea (Sea Cucumbers) |
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Term
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Definition
| bilateral symmetry as larvae, have a network of fluid-filled canals that function in locomotion, feeding, and gas exchange |
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