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Unit 3 Vocab
Unit 3: Culture
85
Geography
9th Grade
12/09/2013

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Term
Acculturation
Definition
The less dominant culture adopts some of the traits of the more influential one
Term
Animism
Definition
Belief that inanimate objects have spirits and conscious life
Term
Artifact
Definition
Human creations that reflect values, beliefs, and behaviors
Term
Assimilations
Definition
Dominant culture completely absorbs the less dominant one
Term
Baha'i
Definition
Started in Iran in 1800s. It is based on two people. Doesnt take the Qur'an literally. They don't believe in angels and demons. Heaven and Hell are not places they are condition of th soul. All religions come from the same source.
Term
behaviors
Definition
Actions that people take
Term
Beliefs
Definition
Specific statements that people hold to be true
Term
bilingualism
Definition
The ability to communicate in two languages
Term
Buddhism
Definition
A universal religion based on the teaching of the Buddha and holding that a state of enlightment can be attained by suppressing wordly desire
Term
Confucianism
Definition
Provides a code of moral conduct based on humaneness and family loyalty
Term
Contagious Diffusion
Definition
When almost all individuals and area outward from the source region are affected
Term
Creole
Definition
a tongue that originates from contact between two languages
Term
Cultural Determinism
Definition
Emphasizes human culture as ultimately more important than physical environment in shaping human actions
Term
Cultural Diffusion
Definition
Spread of cultural elements from one society to another
Term
Cultural Ecology
Definition
the field that studies the relationships between the natural environment and culture
Term
Cultural Geography
Definition
Subfield of human geography that looks at how cultures vary over space
Term
Cultural Hearths
Definition
The area where civilizations first began that radiated the customs, innovations, and ideologies that culturally transformed the world
Term
Cultural Landscape
Definition
The modification of the natural landscape by human activities
Term
Cultural Relativism
Definition
The practice of evaluating a culture by its own standards
Term
Cultural Transmission
Definition
The process by which one generation passes culture to the next
Term
Culture Complex
Definition
When a trait combines with others in a distinctive way
Term
Culture Region
Definition
An area marked by culture that distinguishes it from other regions
Term
Culture System
Definition
A group of interconnected culture complexes
Term
Culture Trait
Definition
A single attribute of culture
Term
Daoism
Definition
Belief that human happiness lies in maintaining proper harmony with nature
Term
Dialect
Definition
A regional variety of language
Term
Diasporas
Definition
Forced exodus from their lands of origin
Term
Durkeim's Sacred and Profane
Definition
As human beings, we define something as profane, which is ordinary, and sacred, which is extraordinary
Term
Eastern Orthodox
Definition
Derived from the Byzantine Church and adhering to Byzantine rites. One of the 3 major branches of Christianity
Term
Environmental Determinism
Definition
The view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life including cultural development
Term
Ethnic Religion
Definition
Appeal primarily to one group of people living in one place
Term
Ethnocentrism
Definition
The practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture
Term
Extinct Language
Definition
Languages once in use, but are no longer spoken or read in daily activities by anyone in the world
Term
Folk Culture
Definition
Culture that is traditionally practiced by small, homogeneous groups living in isolated rural areas
Term
Folk Culture Region
Definition
When many people who live in a land space share atleast some of the same folk customs
Term
Folk Life
Definition
The composite culture that shapes the lives of folk societies
Term
Geographic Region
Definition
A culture region can represent an entire culture system that interwines with its located and environmental circumstances
Term
Hagerstrand, Torste
Definition
A famous geographer that wrote about cultural diffusion about the same time as Carl Sauer
Term
Hierarchical Diffusion
Definition
The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places
Term
Hinduism
Definition
World's 3th largest religion and oldest organized religion still in practice. Has no holy book, so eacho individual decides the best way to worship
Term
Humanism
Definition
Emphasizes the ability of human beings to guide their own lives
Term
Independent Inventions
Definition
Developments that can be traced to a specific civilization
Term
Indo-European Language Family
Definition
Family of languages with the greatest number of speakers, spoken in most of Europe and areas of European settlement and in much of southwestern and Southern Asia
Term
Islam
Definition
The religion of Muslims collectively which governs their civilization and way of life
Term
Isogloss
Definition
Boundaries within which the words are spoken
Term
Judaism
Definition
The monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud
Term
Language
Definition
A systematic means of communicating ideas and feelings through the use of signs, gestures, marks, or vocal sounds
Term
Language Families
Definition
Group of languages with a shared but fairly distant origin
Term
Language Sub-Family
Definition
Group of languages with more commonality than a language family
Term
Lingua Franca
Definition
An established language that comes to be spoken and understoof over a large area
Term
Linguistic Fragmentation
Definition
A condition in which many languages are spoken
Term
Linguistic Geography
Definition
The study of speech areas and their local variations by mapping word choices, pronunciations, or grammatical constructions
Term
Mahayana
Definition
One of two great schools of Buddhist doctorine emphasizing a common search for universal salvation especially through faith alone
Term
Marxism
Definition
Transformed communism into a central ideology in many areas during the 20th century
Term
Material Culture
Definition
Physical manifestations of human activities. Relates to environment
Term
Migrant Diffusion
Definition
Spread of cultural trait is slow enough that they weaken in the area of origin by the time they reach other areas
Term
Monotheistic Religion
Definition
Belief of one God
Term
Multilinguialism
Definition
The ability to communicate in more than two languages
Term
Non-Material Culture
Definition
Human creations that are not embodied in physical objects
Term
Norms
Definition
Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members
Term
Official Language
Definition
Language endorsed and recognized by the government as the one that everyon should know and use
Term
Pidgin
Definition
An artificial language used for trade between speakers of different languages
Term
Popular Culture
Definition
Found in large, heterogeneous societies that are bonded by a common culture despite the many differences among the people that share it
Term
Protestants
Definition
Reformers who protested some practices of the Catholic Church
Term
Regional Identity
Definition
Awareness of being a part of a group of people living in a culture region
Term
Religion: Branches, Denominations, and Sects
Definition
-Branches: Large and basic divisions within a religion
-Denominations: Are divisions of branches that unite local groups in a single administrative body
-Sects: relatively small groupa that do not affiliate with the more mainstream denominations
Term
Relocation Diffusion
Definition
Spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another
Term
Roman Catholics
Definition
A branch of Christianity that arose because of the Roman's split by Diocletian
Term
Sauer, Carl
Definition
Wrote about diffusion in Agricultural Origins and Dispersals
Term
Shamanism
Definition
An ethnic religion in which people follow their Shaman, a religious leader and teacher who is believed to be in contact with the supernatural
Term
Shiite
Definition
One of two main branches of Islam. Believe that the successor should be a member of Muhammed's family
Term
Sikhism
Definition
The doctorine of a monotheistic religion founded in Northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam
Term
Standard Language
Definition
Language that is recognized by the government and the intellectual elite as the norm for use in schools, government, media and other aspects of public life
Term
Stimulus Diffusion
Definition
Spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected
Term
Suuni
Definition
One of the main branches of Islam; belief that the successor should be chosen by agreement among the religious leaders
Term
Symbolic Landscape
Definition
Smaller lanscapes that symbolize a bigger area or category
Term
Symbols
Definition
Designs that stand for other things or ideas
Term
Syncretism
Definition
The fussion of old and new
Term
Trantrayana
Definition
One of 3 main branches of Buddhism. Emphasizes on magic as well as different meditation techniques
Term
Theraveda
Definition
One of 3 main branches of Buddhism; characterized by a stricter adherence to the original teachings of the Buddha
Term
Time-Distance Decay
Definition
Declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin or source
Term
Toponymy
Definition
The study of place names
Term
Traditional Religion
Definition
A religion that has originality and is not modernized
Term
Transculturation
Definition
Two-way flows of culture reflect a more equal exchange of cultural traits
Term
Universalizing Religion
Definition
Religion that attempts to be global in its appeal to all people
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