Term
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Definition
| A process when chromosomes are duplicated before cells divide. |
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Term
| How did Frederick Griffith discover genetic traits could be passed on from one organism to the next? |
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Definition
| He tested an experiment of using two types of pneumonia on mice. |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of adenine was almost equal to the amount of thymine and the amount of guanine was almost equal to the amount of cytosine. |
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Term
| How does Rosland Franklin and Maurice Wilkins determine DNA's helix shape? |
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Definition
| The pattern of rungs like ladders between two strands that are side by side. And an X shape. |
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Term
| What problem did James Watson and Francis Crick have with their model of DNA? How did they solve this problem? |
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Definition
| The problem they face was that they found that pairing the bases that has the same type, they thought that it looks wobbly. So according to Chargaff's rule, they found that pairing one purine with a pyramidine with a hydrogen bond between, it will be a complete model. |
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Term
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Definition
| There was a part of the live R bacteria that was able to make the dead S dangerous- transformation- a change caused when cells take up foreign DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| He discovered that A and T are always found in equal amounts as well as C with G, so he created the base-pairing rules. |
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Term
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Definition
| They converted DNA into a crystal so they could take an X-ray picture of the DNA structure, x-ray crystallography. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of organic molecule is DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of DNA? |
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Definition
| Stores genetic information |
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Term
| What are the four nitrogen bases? |
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Definition
| Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine |
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Term
| Why is DNA accurately described as a "double helix?" |
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Definition
| The two strands twists together. |
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Term
| What two parts of a nucleotide make up the "backbone" of DNA? |
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Definition
| Phosphate and sugar group. |
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Term
| Describe the rules for base pairing in DNA. |
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Definition
| Adenine=Thymine Cytosine=Guanine |
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Term
| What kind of bond joins the nitrogen bases? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nitrogen bases that bond are called... |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are the two strands be described as "antiparellel?" |
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Definition
| The 5 --> 3 direction of one strand runs opposite to the 3 --> 5 direction on the other strand. |
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Term
| What does DNA of all organisms have in common? |
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Definition
They all share the same 4 nitrogen bases (A,
T, C, G). |
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Term
| Why are all organisms so different? |
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Definition
| The nucleotide sequencing. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the monomer (subunit) of DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three parts of the DNA monomer? |
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Definition
| Phosphate, nitrogen base, sugar |
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Term
| What is the name of the sugar in DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What molecule(s) make up the sides (backbone) of the DNA "ladder?" |
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Definition
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Term
| What molecule(s) make up the steps (rungs) of hte DNA "ladder?" |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain why the structure of DNA molecule is often described as a twisted-zipper? |
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Definition
| They turn as they go. Two strands that can be separated. |
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Term
| What base does adenine bond with? What base does cytosine bond with) |
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Definition
| Adenine bond with thymine. Cytosine bond with guanine. |
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Term
| The sequence of nitrogenous bases on one strand of the a DNA molecule is GGCAGTTCATGC. What would be the sequence of bases on the complementary strand? |
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Definition
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Term
| If there are only 4 nucleotide types in DNA, why are all living things so different? |
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Definition
| The sequence of the nucleotide (nitrogen bases). |
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Term
| DNA stands for ... whose structure was identified by ... and ... DNA is extremely inportant to the cell. Genes are composed of DNA and are located on the ... which are found inside the ... Genes determine the traits that an organism will exhibit. The structure of DNA is described as a ... helix. DNA molecules are composed of 3 part subunits called ... Each three part unit is composed of a ..., ..., and a ... The sides of the DNA molecule are alternating ... and ... molecules. The rungs or steps of the ladder are held together by weak ... bonds. The bases combine or connect in a certain pattern. Adenine will always be bonded to ... and guanine will always be bonded to cytosine. Bases are always bonded to a complementary molecules. The complementary strands of DNA (each side of the DNA molecule) are ... to each other. One strand runs in the 5' to 3' direction. It's complementary strand runds in the 3' to 5' direction. |
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Definition
| deoxyribonucleic acid; Watson; Crick; chromosomes; nucleus; double; sugar; phosphate; nitrogen base.; sugar; phosphate; hydrogen; thymine; cytosine; complementary; antiparallel |
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Term
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Definition
| A purine base that is complementary to thymine. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pyramidine base that is complementary to guanine. |
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Term
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Definition
| The five carbon sugar found in DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| A purine base taht can only form H bonds with cytosine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Made up of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen base. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pyramidine base that is complementary to guanine. |
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Term
| Which series is arranged in order from LARGEST to SMALLEST in size? |
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Definition
| cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA, nucleotide |
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Term
| The molecule shown above is called a(n) |
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Definition
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Term
| In DNA, four forms of this molecule have a different type of |
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Definition
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Term
| The two pyramidine bases in DNA are : |
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Definition
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Term
| A DNA strand has a sequeence A-C-A-G-C-C-G-T-A. What would be its complementary strand? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do we need to replicate DNA? |
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Definition
| In order to reproduce, and repair, an organism's cells must divide. |
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Term
| Describe what you see happening in the diagrams. |
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Definition
| The process of adding new bases. |
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Term
| Overall of DNA replication |
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Definition
1. Parent Strand
2. DNA splits to two strands
3. Nucleotides come in and attach with complementary strands
4. New daughter strands |
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Term
| Replication is semiconservative |
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Definition
| Half of hte parential molecule is maintained in each daughter molecule |
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Term
| How does complementary base pairing make DNA replication possible? |
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Definition
| When an adenine is exposed, a thymine is added. When a cytosine is exposed, a guanine is added. |
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Term
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Definition
1. DNA is unzipped
2. Free floating nucleotides attach by complementary base pairing
3. Results in the formation of two DNA molecules, identical to the original strand |
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Term
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Definition
| Where DNA replication begins. Replication proceeds in both directions. Creates bubbles |
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Term
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Definition
| The two strands run in opposite directions. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| prevents tangling of DNA. |
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