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| system that translates info from outside nervous system into neural activity |
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| perceptual system uses fragments of sensory info to construct image of reality |
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| humans, etc. are so well adjusted to natural environment that many aspects of the world are perceived without needing higher level analysis |
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| computations by nervous system translate raw sensory stimulation into experience of reality |
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| right brain controls left side of body, and vice versa |
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| process of converting incoming energy into neural activity |
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| accessory structures collect sensation, transduction occurs, sensory receptors carry signal to central nervous system |
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| responsiveness to unchanging stimuli decreases over time |
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| number of complete waveforms pass by a given point in space every second |
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| difference between peak and baseline |
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| distance from one peak to the next |
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| bundle of axons that carries stimuli from hair cells of cochlea to brain |
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| auditory nerve or hair cells are damaged |
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| bones of ear fuse together |
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| part of brain that receives info about sounds from thalamus |
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| transparent protective layer through which light rays enter |
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| center of retina, lots of cones |
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| opening behind cornea, light passes through |
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| colorful; constricts and relaxes to adjust light coming in |
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| behind pupil, bends light rays onto retina |
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| back of eye, where the light rays end up |
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| minimum amount of stimulus needed to detect it 50% percent of the time |
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| just-noticeable difference |
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| smallest detectable difference in stimulus |
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| math model of what determines a person's report that a near-threshold stimulus occured |
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| false alarm, miss, hit, correct rejection |
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| smallest detectable difference in stimulus energy is constant fraction of the intensity of the stimulus |
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| use knowledge and expectations to make sense of what you are processing |
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| use details about the stimulus and then assemble as a whole to process what it is |
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| the louder something is, the more it needs to increase in order to sound twice as loud, etc. |
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| process through which sensations are interpreted using knowledge and understanding of the world to make them into meaningful experiences |
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| 3 types of visual elements, each sensitive to a different wavelength of light |
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| groups of colors: red/green, blue/yellow, white/black |
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| nerve cells in retina that code light energy into neural activity (rods and cones) |
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| describe relationships between physical energy in environment and our psychological experience of that energy |
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| a figure stands out amongst the background |
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| proximity, similarity, continuity, closure, common fate (moving together), synchrony, common region (grouped together), connectedness |
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| ability to perceive distance |
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| depth cue; objects closer to the point of convergence appear to be further away |
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| depth cue; difference between 2 retinal images |
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| depth cue; involves rotation of eyes to project image of object onto each retina |
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| motion cue; involves rapid expansion in the size of an image so that it fills the retina |
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