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Unit 3 Section C Vocabulary
Petroleum: A Building-Material Source
22
Chemistry
10th Grade
07/20/2012

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Term
polymer
Definition
a molecule composed of very large numbers of identical repeating units
Term
monomer
Definition
a compound whose molecules can react to form the repeating units of a polymer
Term
petrochemical
Definition
any organic compound produced from petroleum or natural gas
Term
double covalent bond
Definition
a bond in which four electrons are shared between two adjacent atoms
Term
addition reaction
Definition
a reaction at the double or triple bond within an organic molecule
Term
addition polymer
Definition
a polymer formed by repeated addition reactions at double or triple bonds within monomer units
Term
branched polymer
Definition
a polymer formed by reactions that create numerous side chains rather than linear chains
Term
cross linking
Definition
polymer chains interconnected by chemical bonds; causes polymer rigidity
Term
saturated hydrocarbon
Definition
a hydrocarbon consisting of molecules in which each carbon atom is bonded to four other atoms
Term
alkene
Definition
a hydrocarbon containing one or more double covalent bonds
Term
unsaturated hydrocarbon
Definition
a hydrocarbon molecule containing one or more double or triple bonds
Term
substituted alkenes
Definition
alkene molecules that contain, in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms, one or more atoms of other elements, such as oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, or sulfur
Term
alkyne
Definition
a hydrocarbon containing one or more triple covalent bonds
Term
dimer
Definition
a molecule composed of two monomers
Term
cycloalkane
Definition
a saturated hydrocarbon containing carbon atoms joined in a ring
Term
aromatic ompound
Definition
a ringlike compound, such as benzene, that can be represented as having alternating double and single bonds between carbon atoms
Term
alcohols
Definition
a non aromatic organic compound containing one or more (-OH) groups
Term
functional group
Definition
an atom or a group of atoms that imparts characteristic properties to an organic compound
Term
carboxylic acid
Definition
an organic compound containing the -COOH group
Term
esters
Definition
an organic compound containing the -COOR group where R represents any stable arrangement of bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms
Term
condensation reaction
Definition
the chemical combination of two organic molecules, accompanied by the loss of water or other small molecule
Term
condensation polymer
Definition
a polymer formed by repeated condensation reactions of one or more monomers
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