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| a fuel (such as coal, petroleum, or natural gas) believed formed from plant or animal remains buried under Earth's surface for millions of years |
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| energy associated with position |
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| energy associated with the motion of an object |
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| energy stored in the chemical bonds of substances |
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| the energy a material possesses due to its temperature; also informally called heat |
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| a process that requires the addition of energy |
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| a process that involves the release of energy |
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| Law of Conservation of Energy |
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| energy can change form but cannot be created or destroyed in any chemical reaction or physical change |
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| the quantity of thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of a material by 1 degree C; the expression commonly has units of 1/(g degree C) |
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| the thermal energy released when a specific quantity of a material burns |
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| the quantity of thermal energy released from burning one mole of a substance |
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| the process by which hydrocarbon molecules from petroleum are converted to smaller molecules, using thermal energy and a catalyst |
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| a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but is itself unchanged |
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| a measure of the combustion quality of gasoline compared to the combustion quality of isooctane; the higher the number, the higher the octane rating; also called octane |
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| a fuel with oxygen-containing additives, such as methanol, that increase the octane rating and reduce harmful emissions |
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