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Definition
| a molecule composed only of carbon and hydrogen atoms |
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| a process that separates liquid substances based on differences in their boiling points |
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| the condensed products of distillation |
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| a process of separating a mixture into its components b boiling and condensing the components |
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a.) a mixture of petroleum-based substances with similar boiling points and other properties;
b.) one of the distillate portions collected during distillation |
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| forces of attraction among molecules |
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Definition
| carbon atoms chemically linked to one another, forming a chainlike molecular structure |
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Definition
| energy levels surrounding an atom's nucleus within which one or more electrons reside; outer-shell electrons are commonly called valence electrons |
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Definition
| electrons in the outermost shell of an atom; these relatively loosely held electrons often participate in bonding with other atoms or molecules |
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Definition
| a linkage between two atoms involving the sharing of one pair (single bond), two pairs (double bond), or three pairs (triple bond) of electrons |
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Definition
| a bond in which two electrons are shared by the two bonded atoms |
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| electron-dot formulas, Lewis structure, Lewis dot structures |
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Definition
| the representation of atoms, ions and molecules where valence-electron dots surround each atom's symbol; it is useful for indicating covalent bonding |
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Definition
| a chemical formula showing the arrangement of atoms and covalent bonds in a molecule, in which each electron in a covalent bond is represented by a line between the symbols of two atoms |
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Definition
| a hydrocarbon containing only single covalent bonds |
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| a regular triangular pyramid; the four bonds of each carbon atom in an alkane point to the covers of a tetrahedron |
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| a chemical formula that provides additional information about bonding: for example, the condensed formula for propane, C3H8, is CH3-CH2-CH3 or CH3CH2CH3 |
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Definition
| an alkane consisting of molecules in which each carbon atom is linked to no more than two other carbon atoms |
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Definition
| an alkane in which at least one carbon atom is bonded to three or four other carbon atoms |
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Definition
| substances involving rearrangement of atoms or bonds within a molecule bu sharing a common molecular formula |
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