Term
| What can we gather from social security and additional life expectancy in regards to economic resources and health outcomes? |
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Definition
| data from social security over the last 30 years shows a growing gap of life expectancy (5yrs) between the bottom and top half of incomes. |
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Term
| what roles does the government play in the assisting those who cannot work and those who do not earn enough? |
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Definition
| the government either provides direct support or offers aid through federal programs |
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Term
| how are these programs funded? |
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Definition
| these programs receive funding from both state and federal sources, or fed funding and state administration |
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Term
| what are the three conceptual parts of US income safty programs? |
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Definition
1. social insurance
2. public assistance
3. earnings- enablement |
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Term
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Definition
| based on contributory schemes- eligibility is predicated on work history, not current economic needs. acts as a trust fund. |
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Term
| five social insurance programs |
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Definition
1. OAI and SI
2. DI
3. Medicare
4. UI
5. WC |
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Term
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Definition
| funded by general assistance programs, but since '35 federal funding accounts for the bulk of it. PA is means tested- you meet standards to qualify for benefits. can end up encouraging work disincentives. benefits are in cash or in kind or work/earnings enablement |
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Term
| 2 public assistance in cash, in kind |
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Definition
1. supplemental security income (SSI)
2. Temporary assistance for needy families (TANF)
many in kind |
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Term
| history of support programs |
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Definition
| created in clusters, first hundred years yeilded specified narrowly defined government areas offered support- almost entirely state. progressive era, aimed to curb class distinctions and more social insurance. fed entered scene with great depression, social security. second fed wave with Great society- medicare and medicaid |
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Term
| What institution is the most important source of economic resources in a capitalist democracy like the U.S.? |
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Definition
| the market, provides means for economic and health resource acquisation |
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Term
|
Definition
medicare-social insurance for elderly; fed
medicaid-assistance program for poor; state run |
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Term
| classify the following: Medicare; Medicaid; Old Age, Survivor and Disability Insurance; Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infant, and Children; Workers’ Compensation; Temporary Assistance for Needy Families; Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; Earned Income Tax Credit |
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Definition
1. medicare: social insurance for elderly; fed run
2. medicaid: poverty assistance; state admin
3. Old age, survivor, disability: social insurance; fed
4. supplemental nutrition for women, children: public assistance; fed grants to state
5. worker's comp: social insurance to those injured on the job; state
6. TANF: earnings-enablement and public assistance: poor assistance; fed grant state admin
7. SNAP: public assistance food stamps: fed
8. earned income tax credit: earnings enablement, tax return for lower income: fed |
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Term
| how many americans recive TANF or OASDI |
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Definition
TANF: 4.5 mil
OASDI: 45 million |
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Term
| What are some major problems with our healthcare system identified by Goldman? |
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Definition
1. 75% spending is on preventable chronic disease
2. limited in our ability to prevent disease because of genetics, environment, diet, exercise |
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Term
| How does Goldman suggest addressing these problems? |
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Definition
| reimburse docs for preventing disease |
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Term
| What are some shortcomings of Goldman’s approach? |
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Definition
| there is only so much money so we would have to stop reimbursing docs for treating disease |
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Term
| How does Goldman respond to these shortcomings? |
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Definition
| reimburse for chronic conditions with the highest return: obesity, smoking, diabetes |
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Term
| what is life expectancy at birth and how is it computed? |
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Definition
| LE at birth is the average amount of years a newborn is expected to live given the current conditions, higher life expectancy means better health |
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Term
| how should LE at birth be interperted? |
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Definition
| higher life expectancy means better health, assuming conditions get better we assume child to live longer |
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Term
| What influences life expectancy at birth within and across countries and across time? |
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Definition
| war, education, medical advancments, weather, income, disease |
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Term
| What has been role of medical innovation? |
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Definition
| in US LE increases because of public, rather than medical, advancments |
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Term
| How do economists describe the association between income and life expectancy at birth? |
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Definition
| there's a postive relationship between income and life expectancy,even when the axis is flipped |
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Term
| What are current debates in economics regarding this association? |
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Definition
| correation doesn't mean correlation just because there remains a positive association regardless of axis orientation |
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Term
| how are BMI and LE related? |
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Definition
| as a country, as BMI incrases, so does LE. richer countries are fatter and live longer, they have the money for it |
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Term
| obama asserted that preventaion saves lives and money |
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Definition
| prevention can prevent disease and thus save lives, but it doesn't necessarily save money. |
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Term
| what is neoclassical economics? |
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Definition
| a social science trying to understand human behavior and answer how humans as rational beings make decisions in a world of scarcity |
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Term
| What are the main concerns and assumptions of neoclassical economics? |
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Definition
| neoclassicists assume that participants are rational and fully informed as well as that there are no externalities or market power. |
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