Term
| What is the phospholipid bilayer made of? |
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Definition
| lipids, proteins,& carbohydrates |
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Term
| What is the function of the lipid bilayer? |
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Definition
Regulates what can enter or exit the cell.
Provides protection. |
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Term
| The lipids of the cell membrane have (polar/nonpolar) heads & (polar/nonpolar) tails. |
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Definition
| Polar heads, nonpolar tails |
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Term
| What types of substances can diffuse freely across the cell membrance? Give some specific examples. |
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Definition
Nonpolar
Ex: oxygen, carbon dioxide, lipids (water is an exception because its small and polar) |
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Term
| What types of substances are not allowed to pass freely across the lipid bilayer (they need help from transport proteins)? Give some specific examples. |
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Definition
Polar
Ex: water (sometimes can pass freely), ions, sugars |
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Term
| Why can nonpolar substances pass through the lipid bilayer, but polar substance cannot? |
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Definition
| The tails of the bilayer are nonpolar. Nonpolar substance will only interact with other nonpolar substances. |
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Term
| Name some the the important functions of lipid bilayer proteins. |
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Definition
1. act as enzymes
2. help cells communicate & recognize each other
3. transport molecules across the membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| substance that is being dissolved |
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Term
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Definition
substance that is doing the dissolving
Ex: water |
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Term
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Definition
| how much solute is dissolved in the solvent |
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Term
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Definition
| the flow of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Do molecules stop moving after equilibrium is reached? |
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Definition
| No, the movement of molecules does not stop. Diffusion is occurring at a constant & equal rate. |
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Term
| What factors affect the rate of diffusion? |
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Definition
| Temperature, molecule size, concentration gradient |
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Term
| How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion? |
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Definition
| increased temp = increased rate |
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Term
| How does molecule size affect the rate of diffusion? |
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Definition
| Smaller molecules will diffuse faster, they move faster at any given temperature |
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Term
| How does the concentration gradient affect the rate of diffusion? |
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Definition
| Bigger gradient = faster rate |
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Term
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Definition
| the rate at which a membrane allows molecules to pass through. |
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Term
| What does it mean for a membrane to be permeable to a certain solute. |
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Definition
| those particular solutes are allowed to pass through |
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Term
| What does it mean for a membrane to be semipermeable? |
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Definition
| Some molecules are allowed to pass, some are not |
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Term
| What does it mean for a membrane to be impermeable? |
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Definition
| Substances are not allowed to pass through the membrane |
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Term
| Why do cells have to be small? |
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Definition
surface area to volume ratio should be large.
Nutrients need to be able to diffuse in, waste needs to be gotten rid of in less time
The nucleus can only support so much volume. |
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Term
| Which types of transport do not require energy? |
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Definition
| passive, simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis |
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Term
| ______ transport allows solutes to move directly across the lipid bilayer without adding energy. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ transport allows solutes to move across the lipid bilayer with the help of a transport protein. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
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Term
| Does osmosis required energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Osmosis moves water from an area of (high/low) concentration of water to an area of (high/low) concentration of water. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a solution that is less concentrated with solutes |
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Term
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Definition
| a solution that is more concentrated with solutes |
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Term
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Definition
| a solution that is in equilibrium |
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Term
| What will happen to an animal cell that is placed in a hypotonic solution? |
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Definition
| cell takes in water, explodes, death |
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Term
| What will happen to an animal cell that is placed in a hypertonic solution? |
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Definition
| cell loses water & shrinks, death |
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Term
| What will happen to an animal cell that is placed in an isotonic solution? |
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Definition
| water neither enters or exits, healthy cell |
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Term
| What will happen to a plant cell that is placed in a hypotonic solution? |
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Definition
| tugor pressure goes up, plant is healthy |
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Term
| What will happen to a plant cells that is placed in a hypertonic solution? |
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Definition
| Plant loses water, shrivels, death |
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Term
| What will happen to a plant cell that is put into an isotonic solution? |
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Definition
| No water enters or exits, tugor pressure decreases, plant wilts |
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Term
| What type of transport requires energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of transport move molecules against the concentration gradient? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type or transport allows very large molecules into the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of transport allows very large molecules out of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do endocytosis and exocytosis require energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| A cell membrane is permeable to solute A and C, but impermeable to solute B. A cell with a concentration of 10 g/mL of A, 3 g/mL of B and 4 g/mL of C are placed into a beaker. The beaker has a concentration of 3 g/mL of A, 5 g/mL of B and 3 g/mL of C. Give the final concentrations of each solute after diffusion has occurred. |
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Definition
A= 6.5 in & out
B= 3 in & 5 out
C= 3.5 in & out |
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Term
| Be able to draw and label all parts of the cell lipid bilayer. |
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Definition
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