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| What is the history of intelligence assessment? |
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| Galton believed that heredity was responsible for human differences in intelligence and ability. So he traced the family trees of famous intelligent people and found that their family members possessed intelligence too. He thought he had found that he was right all along. On the other han d he never looked at environmental factors. So he set out and in 1884 visitiors stopped in to have the keeness of their eye sight and reaction time measured. Galton believed that highly successful people percieve the world more accurately than less successful people. His results did not show this. |
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| What is Binet's test of Global Intelligence? |
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| Measure of intelligence derived by comparing an individual's score on an intelligence test with the average performance of individuals of the same age. |
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| (Intelligence Quotient) Score that indicates how an individual compares with others on an intelligence test. |
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| Spearmens two factor model |
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Definition
Spearmen believed there were two types of intelligence: general and specific.
He observed that people who perform well on one type of intelligence task tend to do well on most other tasks although their scores on these tasks are seldom the same. He said that any given task reflects both types of intelligence. |
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| cuts across specific kinds of items and accounts for similar levels of performance on a variety of items. |
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| Related to the particular task and is responsible for the fact that each person does better on some tasks than others. |
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| Gardners multifactor theory |
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| Believed there is more to intelligence than the verbal and mathematical abilities measured by current intelligence tests. |
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| Gardeners 9 different intelligence's are: |
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| Verbal/linguistic, Musical, Logical/Mathematical,Visual/Spatial, Movement or bodily kinesthetic, Interpersonal Intelligence,Intrapersonal Intelligence,Existential, Naturalist |
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| Abilty to use language and words |
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| Ability to hear, recognize, and manipulate patterns in music |
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| Ability to detect patterns, think logically, and carry out mathematical operations |
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| Ability to represent the spatial world. (Pilots, architects..) |
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| Movement or Bodily kinesthetic: |
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| Ability to use and control partsof the body skillfully |
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| Interpersonal Intelligence: |
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| Sensitivity to people, abiltiy to understand what motivates them and to recognize their intentions. (Teaching, Counseling) |
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| Intrapersonal Intelligence: |
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| Understanding one's emotions and being able to draw on them to guide ones behavior to understand oneself and use that info to regulate ones life. |
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| Abiltiy to pose and ponder questions about life, death, and ultimate realities |
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| Ability to discriminate among living things (plants, animals) and sensitivity to other features of the natural world. (clouds, rocks) |
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| Sternberg believes that there are several ways to be effective in life. Called his model the triarchic theory of intelligence |
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| Triarchic Theory of Intelligence: |
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| Analytical intelligence, Creative Intelligence, Practical Intelligence, |
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| Ability to break down a problem or situation into its components |
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| Ability to cope with novelty and to solve problems in new and unusual ways |
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| Common sense or "Street Smarts" |
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| Ability to percieve emotions in others (what is he feeling?), ability to facilitate thought (What can i do about these things?), Understanding emotions (Can i describe what im feeling in words?), and managing emotions (Can i manage these emotions?) |
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| Measurement of intelligence Concepts: |
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| Reliability, Validity, Standardization, Norming |
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| A psychological test must yield relatively consistent or repeatable results. |
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| A psychological test must measure what its developers intended it to measure |
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| The test must be administered the same way every time it is used. |
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| Scores obtained by a relatively large sample of similar people on the same test |
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| Mentally retarded individuals who manifest at least one remarkable ability |
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| The truth about intelligence |
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1. It is not fixed throughout life
2. There is support for a genetic influence on intelligence
3. Environmental Factors contribute to intelligence
4. Differences in measured intelligence do exist b/w ethnic groups
5. It is related to geographical region
6. No differences in IQ exist b/w genders
7. The elderly are not all dumb
8. It is not a global phenonmenon
9. Culture free tests have been suggested but not perfected
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O-openness
C- Concientiousness
E- extraversion
A-Agreeableness
N-Neuroticism |
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| Iceberg: Concious, Preconcious, Unconcious |
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Unconcious, Wants things right now.
Pleasure Principle |
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Concious Mind, Resolves conflict b/w the id and super ego.
Reality Principle (delayed gratification) |
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| Moral arm of our personality, seeks the ideal, concious, 100% learned |
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| Sexual motive is present from soon after birth, onward |
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| Psychosexual Stages of Development: |
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| Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital |
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3 to 5 years
(Boy has attraction towards mother and envy towards father)
(Girl has hostility towards moms attraction to dad) |
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(sexual motive)
dormant: 5 years to puberty |
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| Use ambiguous test to tell a story |
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