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UNIT 3
UNIT 3 Vocabulary
82
Geography
9th Grade
12/09/2013

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Term
acculturation
Definition
adoption of some culture traits of the surrounding culture
Term
animism
Definition
doctrine that everything natural has a soul
Term
artifacts
Definition
sancient objects made by human beingsartifactsancient objects made by human being
Term
assimilation
Definition
when one culture completely absorbs a different culture
Term
Baha'i
Definition
Started in Iran in 1800s. Bahai is based on two people. Bahai doesn't take the Qur'an literally. They don't believe in angels or devils. heaven or hell are not places they are condition of the soul. All religions come from the same source.
Term
Behaviors
Definition
Observable actions of responses of humans or animals
Term
Beliefs
Definition
specific ideas that people hold to be true
Term
Bilingualism
Definition
The acquisition of two languages that use different speech sounds, vocabularies, and grammatical rules.
Term
Buddhism
Definition
world religion or philosophy based on the teaching of the Buddha and holding that a state of enlightenment can be attained by suppressing worldly desire.
Term
Confucianism
Definition
The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct.
Term
contagious diffusion
Definition
The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.
Term
creole
Definition
a mother tongue that originates from contact between two languages
Term
cultural determinism
Definition
Cultural determinism is the belief that the culture in which we are raised determines who we are at emotional and behavioral levels. This supports the theory that environmental influences dominate who we are instead of biologically inherited traits.
Term
cultural diffusion
Definition
cultural diffusionthe spread of cultural elements from one society to another
Term
cultural ecology
Definition
Geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships.
Term
Cultural geography
Definition
The sub-field of human geography that looks at how cultures vary over space.
Term
Cultural hearths
Definition
Heartland, source area, innovation center, place of origin of a major culture
Term
Cultural landscape
Definition
the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape
Term
Cultural relativism
Definition
the practice of judging a culture by its own standards
Term
Cultural transmission
Definition
process by which one generation passes culture to the next.
Term
Culture Complex
Definition
A related set of culture traits descriptive of one aspect of a society's behavior or activity (may be assoc. with religious beliefs or business practices).
Term
Culture Region
Definition
area in which people have many shared culture trait.
Term
Culture system
Definition
A collection of interacting elements taken together shape a group's collective identity. Includes traits, territorial affiliation, shared history, and more complex elements, like language
Term
Culture trait
Definition
A single element of normal practice in a culture, such as the wearing of a turban.
Term
Daoism
Definition
system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural event.
Term
dialect
Definition
regional variety of a language, with differences in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation; also a form of a language spoken by members of a particular social class or profession
Term
diasporas
Definition
migration of religious or ethnic groups to foreign lands despite their continued affiliation with the land and customs of their origin
Term
Eastern Orthodox
Definition
derived from the Byzantine Church and adhering to Byzantine rites
Term
environmental determinism
Definition
view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life including cultural development
Term
ethnic religion
Definition
A religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are concentrated.
Term
ethnocentrism
Definition
belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.
Term
extinct language
Definition
A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used.
Term
folk culture
Definition
Culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups.
Term
folk culture region
Definition
When many people who live in a land space share at least some of the same folk customs.
Term
folk life
Definition
the composite culture, both material and non-material, that shapes the lives of folk societies
Term
geographic region
Definition
a demarcated area of the Earth
Term
Hagerstrand, Torste
Definition
famous geographer that wrote about cultural diffusion about the same time as Carl sauer.
Term
hierarchical diffusion
Definition
The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places
Term
Hinduism
Definition
a body of religious and philosophical beliefs and cultural practices native to India and characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme beingof many forms and natures, by the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth, and by a
Term
humanism
Definition
the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason
Term
independent inventions
Definition
he term for a trait with many cultural hearths that developed independent of each other
Term
Indo-European language family
Definition
Family of languages with the greatest number of speakers, spoken in most of Europe and areas of European settlement and in much of southwestern and southern Asia.
Term
Islam
Definition
the religion of Muslims collectively which governs their civilization and way of life
Term
isogloss
Definition
A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate
Term
Judaism
Definition
the monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud
Term
language
Definition
the mental faculty or power of vocal communication
Term
language families
Definition
Group of languages with a shared but fairly distant origin
Term
language sub-family
Definition
group of languages with more commonality than a language family (indicates they have branched off more recently in history)
Term
lingua franca
Definition
a common language used by speakers of different languages
Term
linguistic fragmentation
Definition
Many languages spoken by a small group of people.
Term
linguistic geography
Definition
the study of the geographical distribution of linguistic features
Term
Mahayana
Definition
of two great schools of Buddhist doctrine emphasizing a common search for universal salvation especially through faith alone.
Term
Marxism
Definition
the economic and political theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will untimately be superseded
Term
material culture
Definition
The physical manifestations of human activities; includes tools ,campsites, art, and structures. The most durable aspects of culture
Term
migrant diffusion
Definition
spread of an idea through people, in which the phenomena weakens or dies out at its previous source ... moves like a "Slinky" (e.g., spread of the Spanish Flu toward the end of World War I).
Term
monotheistic religion
Definition
a religion with one god
Term
multilingualism
Definition
common use of two or more languages in a society or country
Term
non-material culture
Definition
Human creations, such as values, norms, knowledge, systems of government, language, and so on, that are not embodied in physical objects
Term
norms
Definition
rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members
Term
official language
Definition
the language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents.
Term
pidgin
Definition
an artificial language used for trade between speakers of different languages
Term
popular culture
Definition
Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.
Term
Protestants
Definition
who protested some practices of the catholic church.
Term
regional identity
Definition
awareness of being a part of a group of people living in a culture region
Term
relocation diffusion
Definition
The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another.
Term
Roman Catholics
Definition
This branch of Christianity arose because of the Roman's split by Diocletian.
Term
Sauer, Carl
Definition
He wrote about diffusion in Agriculural Origins and Dispersals.
Term
shamanism
Definition
an animistic religion of northern Asia having the belief that the mediation between the visible and the spirit worlds is effected by shamans
Term
Shiite
Definition
a member of the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs
Term
Sikhism
Definition
the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam
Term
standard language
Definition
The form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications.
Term
stimulus diffusion
Definition
The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected.
Term
Sunni
Definition
one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam
Term
symbolic landscape
Definition
smaller landscapes that symbolize a bigger area or category. iconic landscapes, i.e. the state capitol symbolizes WI. every landscape can symbolize something, but these are focal points for people's attention
Term
symbols
Definition
designs that stand for other things or ideas
Term
syncretism
Definition
the fusion of originally different inflected forms (resulting in a reduction in the use of inflections)
Term
Tantrayana
Definition
The Buddhist yana whose path is the transformation of neurotically confused emotions into their enlightened equivalents.
Term
time-distance decay
Definition
The declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin or source.
Term
toponymy
Definition
the branch of lexicology that studies the place names of a region or a language
Term
traditional religion
Definition
a religion that has originality and is not modernized
Term
transculturation
Definition
cultural borrowing that occurs when different cultures of approximately equal complexity and technological level come into close contact
Term
universalizing religion
Definition
A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location.
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