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a relatively permanent change in behavior, knowlege, capability, or attitude that is acquired through experience and can not be attributed to illness, injury, or maturation |
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| classical/respondant condition |
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| a type of learning through which an organism learns to associate one stimulus with another |
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| (plural is stimuli) is any event or object in the environment to which an organism responds. |
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an involuntary responce to a particular stimilis such as salivation in responce to food placed in the mouth and the eyeblink responce to a puff of air.
conditioned- learned
unconditioned- unlearned |
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| a response that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning |
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| any stimulus such as food, that without prior learning will automaticall elict, or bring forth, an unconditioned responce |
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| is a neutral stimulus that, after repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimuls, becasue associated with it and elicits a conditioned response |
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| is the learned response that comes to elicited by a conditioned stimulus as a result of repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimulus |
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| the process in which in classical conditioning the weakening and eventual disappearance of the conditioned response as a result of repated presentation of the conditioned stumulus without the unconditioned stimulus |
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| the reappearance of an extinguished response (in a wearker form) when an organism is exposed to the original conditioned stimulus following a rest period. |
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| in classical conditioning, the tendency to make conditined response to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus |
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| the learned ability to distinguish between similar stimuli so that the conditioned response occurs only to the original conditioned stimuli but not similar stimuli |
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| American psychologist, troal and error learning si the basis of most behavioral changes |
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| states that the consequene, or effect, of a response will determine whether the tendency to respond in the same way in the future will be strengthened or weakened |
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| the consequences of behavior are manipulated in order to increase or decrease the frequency of an excisting response or to shape an entirely new response |
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| is anything that strengthens or increases the probability of the response it follows |
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| is an operant conditioning technique that consists of gradually molding a desired behavior (response) by reinforcing any movement in the direction of the desired response, thereby gradually guiding the responses toward the ultimate goal |
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| occurs when reinforcers are withheld and the conditioned response weakens and eventualy disapears |
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| occurs in operant conditioning; the tendency to make the learned response to a stimuls similar to that for which the response was originally reinforced |
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| a stimulus that signals wheather a certain response or behavior is likely to be reqarded, ignored, or punished |
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| a key concept in operant conditioning and may be defined as any event that follows a response and strengthens or increases the probability of the response being repeated |
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| which is roughly the same thing as reward, refres to any pleasant or desirable consequence that follows a response and increases the probability that the responces will be repeated |
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| a person or animals behavior is reinforced by the termination or avoidance of an unpleased conditioin |
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| one that fulfills a basic physical need for survival and does not depend on learning |
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| is acquired or learned though association with other reinforcers. |
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| is the opposite of reinforcement and usually lowers the probability of a response by following it with an aversive or unpleased consequence |
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| the transformation of information into a form that can be stored |
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the process for encoded information to be stored, some physiological change must take place in the brain |
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| involves keeping or maintaining information |
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| occurs when information is brought to the mind |
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widely accepted information process..
there are three differnt, interatcting memory systems:
sensory memory, short term memory, and long term memory. |
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| the memory system that holds information from the senses for a period of time ranging from only a fraction of a second to about 2 secs |
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| usually codes information according to sound and holds about seven plus or minus two, differnt items or bits of information at one time |
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| is a persons vast storehouse of permanent or relatively permant memories |
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| organizing or grouping separate bits of information into larger units or chunks |
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| items in short term memory are lost in less than 30 seoncds unless you repeated them over and over to yourself |
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| which invoves relating new information to something you already know |
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also called explicit memory
stores facts, informatiion and perosnal life events that can be brought to mind verbally or in the form of imges and then declared or stated |
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aka implicit memory
is the subsystem within long term memory that stores motor skills, habits, and simple classically conditioned responses. |
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| is the type of declarative memory that records events as they have been subjectively experienced |
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| the other type of declarative memory, is memory for general knowledge, or objective faces and informantion |
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| levels of processing model |
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| suggested that weather peoplse remember something for a few seconds or a life time depends on how deeply they process the infotmation |
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| is any stimulus or bit of information that aids in retrieving a particular memory |
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| a person must produce required information simply by searching memory |
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| is exctly what the name implies.. a memory task in whihc a person must simply indentify material as familiar (face, name, task, melody) or having been encountered before |
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