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Definition
| changing existing mental structures to explain new experiences |
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| the period following the onset of puberty during which a young person develops from a child into an adult |
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| progressive mental deterioration that can occur in middle or old age, due to generalized degeneration of the brain |
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| the belief that all things are living |
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| the idea that natural phenomena are created by human beings |
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| interpreting new experiences in terms of existing mental structures without changing them. |
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Definition
| a close, emotional bond of affection between infants an their caregivers |
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Definition
| able to be trusted as being accurate or true |
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Definition
| favoring or enforcing strict obedience to authority |
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| a mental condition, present from early childhood, characterized by great difficulty in communicating and forming relationships with other people and in using language and abstract concepts |
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Definition
| the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge |
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Term
| Concrete operational stage |
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Definition
| the third of four stages of cognitive development in Piaget's theory. This stage, which follows the preoperational stage, occurs between the ages of 7 and 11 years and is characterized by the appropriate use of logic |
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Definition
| Piaget’s term for the awareness that physical quantitates remain constant in spite of changes in their shape or appearance |
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Definition
| a limited time span in the development of an organism when it is optimal for certain capacities to emerge because the organism is especially responsive to certain experiences |
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Definition
| a research design in which investigators compare groups of subjects of differing age who are observed at a single point in time |
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Term
| Crystallized intelligence |
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Definition
| the ability to use skills, knowledge, and experience. It should not be equated with memory or knowledge, but it does rely on accessing information from long-term memory |
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Definition
| an abnormal condition marked by multiple cognitive defects that include memory impairment |
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Definition
| the average age at which individuals display various behaviors and abilities |
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Term
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Definition
| the scientific study of systematic psychological changes, emotional changes, and perception changes that occur in human beings over the course of their life span |
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Definition
| an increase in the strength of a habituated response elicited by a new stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| a limited ability to share another person’s viewpoint |
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Term
| Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) |
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Definition
| a collection of congenital problems associated with excessive alcohol use during pregnancy |
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Definition
| the capacity to think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge |
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Definition
| the final stage in Piaget’s theory. Typically begins around 11 years of age. In this stage children begin to apply their operations to abstract concepts in addition to concrete objects |
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Term
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Definition
| a self-contained system from which its user draws an independent ability to create, generate, or produce new content unique to that system without additional help or input from the system's original creators |
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Definition
| a gradual reduction in the strength of a response when a stimulus even is presented repeatedly |
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Definition
| the fact of being who or what a person or thing is |
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Definition
| of a young animal, coming to recognize another animal, person, or thing as a parent or other object of habitual trust |
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| the common inability of adults to remember the earliest years of their childhood. |
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Definition
| warmth, closeness, and sharing in a relationship |
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Definition
| a research design in which investigators observe one group of subjects repeatedly over a period of time |
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Definition
| development that reflects the gradual unfolding of ones genetic blueprint |
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Definition
| the first occurrence of menstruation |
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Definition
| the ceasing of menstruation |
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Definition
| recognizing that objects continue to exist even when they are longer visible |
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Definition
| extends roughly from age 2 to 7, children gradually improve in their use of mental images |
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Term
| Primary sex characteristics |
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Definition
| the sexual structures necessary for reproduction |
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Definition
| the period of early adolescence marked by rapid physical growth and the development of sexual maturity |
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Definition
| A reflex seen in newborn babies, who automatically turn their face toward the stimulus and make sucking (rooting) motions with the mouth when the cheek or lip is touched |
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Definition
| an organized cluster of knowledge about a particular object or sequence of events |
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| Secondary sex characteristics |
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Definition
| physical features that are associated with gender but that are not directly involved in preproduction |
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Definition
| an emotional bond between children and caregivers |
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Definition
| a collection of beliefs about one’s own nature, unique qualities, and typical behavior |
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Definition
| lasts form birth to about 2 years of age. Stage where infants are developing the ability to coordinate their sensory input with their motor actions |
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Definition
| societal expectations for the time at which people are expected to marry, have children, and accomplish other life tasks |
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Definition
| theories based on the idea that elements in systems move through a pattern of distinct stages over time and that these stages can be described based on their distinguishing characteristics |
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Definition
| a form of distress that children experience when exposed to people unfamiliar to them |
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Definition
| A procedure developed by Mary Ainsworth to observe attachment relationships between a caregiver and child. |
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Definition
| an agent or factor that causes malformation of an embryo |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to attribute mental states—beliefs, intents, desires, pretending, knowledge, etc.—to oneself and others and to understand that others have beliefs, desires and intentions that are different from one's own |
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Term
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Definition
| a one-celled organism formed by the union of a sperm and an egg |
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Term
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Definition
| the second stage of prenatal development, lasting form two weeks until the end of the second month |
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Term
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Definition
| the third stage of prenatal development, lasting from two months through birth |
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