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Unit 3 Acid-Base Balance
Arterial blood gases, acid-base, compensation
35
Health Care
Not Applicable
03/08/2011

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Cards

Term
ABGs
Definition
measure blood acid-base balance
Term
PaO2
Definition
(partial pressure of oxygen)
Term
SaO2
Definition
(% of hemoglobin saturated with O2/oxygen saturation)
Term
PaCO2 (partial pressure of CO2)
Definition
PaCO2
• Normal range is 35-45 (low = alkalotic, high = acidotic)
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the respiratory component in acid-base balance
Term
HCO3 (bicarbonate)
Definition
HCO3
• Normal range is 22-26 (low = acidotic, high = alkalotic)
• Bicarbonate (HCO3) is the renal component in the acid-base balance
Term
Compensation
Definition
• If kidneys are impaired, the lungs can blow off excess acid in the form of CO2
• If the respiratory system is impaired, the kidneys can compensate for excess acid by secreting H+ and regenerating HCO3. Takes up to 72 hours.
• CO2 and HCO3 work through carbonic acid to balance pH
• Compensation for pH imbalance comes from the opposite system
• Compensation attempts to bring pH back to normal
• When PaCO2 & HCO3 move in opposite directions, compensation is present
Term
Identifying the primary cause of acid/base imbalance
Definition
• If pH is abnormal, the component that moves in the same direction with it is the cause
• If pH is normal/near normal, the more deviant component is likely the cause
Term
Respiratory acidosis uncompensated:
Definition
Respiratory acidosis uncompensated:
pH (low)
PaCO2 (elevated)
HCO3 normal
Term
Respiratory acidosis partially compensated:
Definition
Respiratory acidosis partially compensated:
pH acid (low)
PaCO2 acid (elevated)
HCO3 base (elevated)
Term
Respiratory acidosis totally compensated:
Definition
Respiratory acidosis totally compensated:
pH normal
PaCO2 acid (elevated)
HCO3 base (elevated)
Term
Respiratory alkalosis uncompensated:
Definition
Respiratory alkalosis uncompensated:
pH base (elevated)
PaCO2 (low)
HCO3 normal
Term
Respiratory alkalosis partially compensated:
Definition
Respiratory alkalosis partially compensated:
pH base (elevated)
PaCO2 (low)
HCO3 (low)
Term
Respiratory alkalosis totally compensated:
Definition
Respiratory alkalosis totally compensated:
pH normal
PaCO2 (low)
HCO3 (low)
Term
Metabolic acidosis uncompensated:
Definition
Metabolic acidosis uncompensated:
pH (low)
PaCO2 normal
HCO3 (low)
Term
Metabolic acidosis partially compensated:
Definition
Metabolic acidosis partially compensated:
pH (low)
PaCO2 (low)
HCO3 (low)
Term
Metabolic acidosis totally compensated:
Definition
Metabolic acidosis totally compensated:
pH normal
PaCO2 (low)
HCO3 (low)
Term
Metabolic alkalosis uncompensated:
Definition
Metabolic alkalosis uncompensated:
pH base (elevated)
PaCO2 normal
HCO3 (elevated)
Term
Metabolic alkalosis partially compensated:
Definition
Metabolic alkalosis partially compensated:
pH base (elevated)
PaCO2 (elevated)
HCO3 (elevated)
Term
Metabolic alkalosis totally compensated:
Definition
Metabolic alkalosis totally compensated:
pH normal
PaCO2 (elevated)
HCO3 (elevated)
Term
Uncompensated:
Definition
pH and one other value (either PaCO2 or HCO3) are abnormal. Abnormal pH determines whether acidosis or alkalosis. Abnormal PaCO2 or HCO3 determines whether respiratory or metabolic.
PaCO2 abnormal = respiratory; HCO3 abnormal = metabolic.
Term
Partial compensation:
Definition
all values are abnormal. Two values “agree” (pH and either PaCO2 or HCO3 are BOTH acid or BOTH base), and the remaining value (either PaCO2 or HCO3) is the OPPOSITE of the pH. The value (PaCO2 or HCO3) that “agrees” with the pH is correct (determines whether respiratory or metabolic).
Term
Compensation:
Definition
pH is normal, both PaCO2 and HCO3 are abnormal. One will be acidotic, the other base. The value that most closely matches the pH identifies the true (underlying) state. If the fully compensated pH is between 7.35-7.40, then the normal pH is closer to the acid end and the acidotic value (either PaCO2 or HCO3) is correct. If the pH is between 7.40-7.45, then the normal pH is closer to the alkalotic end and the base value (either PaCO2 or HCO3) is correct.
Term

 

ABG Tic Tac Toe

Definition

 

Acid

 

Normal

 

Base (Alkaline)

 

pH

 

 

 

 

PaCO2

 

 

 

 

HCO3

 

 

 

 

Term

 

ABG tic tac toe

Respiratory acidosis uncompensated

Definition

 

Acid

Normal

 

Base

pH

X¯

 

 

PaCO2

X­

 

 

HCO3

 

X

 

Term

ABG tic tac toe

Respiratory acidosis partially compensated

Definition

 

Acid

Normal

 

Base

pH

X¯

 

 

PaCO2

X­

 

 

HCO3

 

 

X­

Term

ABG tic tac toe

Respiratory acidosis totally compensated

Definition

 

Acid

Normal

 

Base

pH

 

X

 

PaCO2

X­

 

 

HCO3

 

 

X­

Term

ABG tic tac toe

Respiratory alkalosis uncompensated

Definition

 

Acid

Normal

 

Base

pH

 

 

X­

PaCO2

 

 

X¯

HCO3

 

X

 

Term

ABG tic tac toe

Respiratory alkalosis partially compensated

Definition

 

Acid

Normal

 

Base

pH

 

 

X­

PaCO2

 

 

X¯

HCO3

X¯

 

 

Term

ABG tic tac toe

Respiratory alkalosis totally compensated

Definition
Term

ABG tic tac toe

Metabolic acidosis uncompensated

Definition

 

Acid

Normal

 

Base

pH

X¯

 

 

PaCO2

 

X

 

HCO3

X¯

 

 

Term

ABG tic tac toe

Metabolic acidosis partially compensated

Definition

 

Acid

Normal

 

Base

pH

X¯

 

 

PaCO2

 

 

X¯

HCO3

X¯

 

 

Term

ABG tic tac toe

Metabolic acidosis totally compensated

Definition

 

Acid

Normal

 

Base

pH

 

X

 

PaCO2

 

 

X¯

HCO3

X¯

 

 

Term

ABG tic tac toe

Metabolic alkalosis uncompensated

Definition

 

Acid

Normal

 

Base

pH

 

 

X­

PaCO2

 

X

 

HCO3

 

 

X­

Term

ABG tic tac toe

Metabolic alkalosis partially compensated

Definition

 

Acid

Normal

 

Base

pH

 

 

X­

PaCO2

X­

 

 

HCO3

 

 

X­

Term

ABG tic tac toe

Metabolic alkalosis totally compensated

Definition

 

Acid

Normal

 

Base

pH

 

X

 

PaCO2

X­

 

 

HCO3

 

 

X­

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