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Definition
| concerned with the link between the physiological and behavior |
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| behavior is due to heredity and genetics |
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| behavior is due to experience |
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| Study of biological transmission of characteristics from the parents to offspring |
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Definition
| hold genetic material, 46 located inside the nucleus of a cell |
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Definition
| Carried in each chromosome, which contains genetic information for development and functioning |
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| Made up of DNA, which carries biological info and hereditary characteristics |
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| the total genetic pattern |
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| focuses on the shared traits of people, these are formed due to "natural selection" and "survival of the fittest". |
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| Identical/ Monozygotic twins |
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Definition
| developed from a single fertilized egg that splits in two |
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| Fraternal/Dizygotic Twins |
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| develop from separate eggs |
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| genetic makeup of an individual (DNA) |
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| study of nature vs. nurture |
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| the proportion of the variations that can be attributed to genetic causes |
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Definition
| basic unit of nervous system-receives processes and transmits info |
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Definition
| receive neurotransmitters from surrounding neurons |
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Definition
| contains- nucleus- no active role in neural transmission |
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Definition
| Carries the action potential through the neuron |
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Definition
| Fatty layer that protects and speeds up the axon |
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Definition
| release neurotransmitters to the next neuron |
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Definition
| gap between two neurons; neurotransmitters go across for uptake and back to the original neuron for re-uptake |
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Definition
| once the threshold of a neuron has been met, the action potential is sent-the strength of the action potential is constant |
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Definition
| impulse or firing of a neuron prompting the release of neurotransmitters and continuation of the message in the next neuron-created by ionic movement through the cell membrane |
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Term
| Resting State (Action Potential) |
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Definition
| inside of the cell is negatively charged |
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| Depolarization (Action Potential) |
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Definition
| cell membrane opens and sodium (positive) rushes in and charges the charge to positive |
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| Repolarization (Action potential) |
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Definition
| potassium (positive) exits the cell returning the charge to negative |
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| Hyperpolerization (Action potential) |
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Definition
| cell is below resting potential (negative) and can't produce a new AP (refractory period) |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical messengers released across the synapse, which can be inhibitory (decrease firing) or excitatory (increase firing) |
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Term
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Definition
| contractions of muscles and messaging between the brain and spinal cord, lack is linked with Alzheimers |
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Term
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Definition
| alertness, attention and movement, lack is linked with Parkinson's and excess with schizophrenia |
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Definition
| arousal, sleep, moods, and emotions, lack is associated with depression |
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Definition
| controls alertness and arousal, undersupply can depress mood |
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Definition
| excitatory, helps with memory, oversupply can lead to seizures |
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Definition
| relieves pain and induces pleasure |
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Definition
| inhibits firing- Huntington's and seizures associated with malfunctioning |
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Definition
| drugs that block receptors in order to lessen neurotransmitters |
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Definition
| drugs that open receptors in order to increase neurotransmitters |
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Definition
| simplest form of behavior |
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Definition
| motor and sensory neurons send messages to the spinal cord for immediate reaction |
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Term
| Central nervous system (CNS) |
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Definition
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
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Definition
| everything other than the brain and spinal cord |
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Definition
| parts of PNS that includes skeletal muscles (voluntary) |
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Term
| Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) |
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Definition
| part of the PNS that includes organs and internal muscles (involuntary) |
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| Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
| part of PNS and ANS that helps calm the body and restore normal body functions (rest and digest) |
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| Sympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
| part of the PNS and ANS that helps the body cope in stressful situations (fight or flight) |
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Definition
| controls growth, reproduction, metabolism and mood through hormone production -most important part is the pituitary gland |
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| chemical messengers that travel through the blood stream |
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| regulates circadian rhythm |
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| related to metabolism and growth |
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Definition
| maintains calcium ions that neurons need to function |
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Definition
produces epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (nonadrenaline) to help to arouse the body in times of stress
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Definition
| produces insulin and glucagons to regulate blood sugar |
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| controls sexual development and activity |
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| oldest part of the brain- located at the base-controls automatic survival functions |
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| layer that covers both hemispheres- control and information processing centers |
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Definition
| base of brainstem-controls heartbeat, circulation, breathing, chewing and salivation |
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Definition
| bridge between the cerebral hemispheres and both the medulla and cerebellum- controls sleep and movement |
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Definition
| attention and controlling arousal- extends from spinal cord up to the thalamus |
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Definition
| brains sensory switchboard- carries information to/from cerebral cortex- located on top of the brainstem |
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Definition
| "little brain" - controls volunteer movement and balance |
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Definition
| system of the brain structure associated with fear, aggression, and biological drives (amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus and hippocampus) |
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Definition
| controls maintenance activities (hunger, thirst, body temp, sex, body rhythms)- works with the pituitary gland to control endocrine system- located in the mid brain |
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| part of the limbic system, linked to the emotions of aggression and fear (located in the midbrain) |
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Definition
| processes memory for storage, located in the midbrain |
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Definition
| processes memory for storage, located in the midbrain |
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Definition
| master gland of the endocrine system, controls hormones |
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Definition
| located in the front of the brain, contains motor cortex and Broca's area, involved in decision making |
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Definition
| located towards the upper-rear of the brain, contains sensory cortex and angular gyrus |
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Definition
| located in the rear of the brain, contains the visual cortex |
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Definition
located on the sides of the brain, contains auditory cortex and Wernicke's area.
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Definition
| controls muscle movements involved in speech , in the left frontal lobe |
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Definition
| controls language comprehension, in the left temporal lobe |
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Definition
| transforms visual representations into auditory lode, in the parietal lobes |
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Definition
| processes sounds, in the temporal lobes |
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Definition
| processes sights, in the occipital lobes |
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Definition
| registers and processes body sensations, located in the parietal lobes |
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Definition
| controls voluntary movement, located in the frontal lobes |
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Definition
| large areas of the cerebral cortex - helps with the functions of the brain in all of the lobes (thinking, planning, remembering and communicating) |
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Definition
| Large bands of neural fibers that connect the two hemispheres, most often cut to aid with seizures |
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Term
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Definition
| cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| the brains capacity for modification |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| computed tomography scan- composite built with a series of x-rays |
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Term
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Definition
| electroencephalogram- recording of the electrical impulses of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| positron emission tomography- displays where glucose is being used by the brain- show "hot spots" |
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Term
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Definition
| magnetic resonance imaging- produces computer-generated images that allow us to differentiate between types of tissue density |
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Term
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Definition
| division of left brain and right brain- each hemisphere has four lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital) -information is transmitted contralaterally (crosses over) |
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Term
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Definition
| associated with verbal, math and analytical functions |
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Term
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Definition
| associated with the spatial and musical functions and the ability to recognize faces |
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Term
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Definition
| impairment of the ability to understand or use language |
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