Term
| Soil fertility analysis objectives |
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Definition
Assess nutrient status of soil-crop system.
Diagnose suspected nutrient imbalances.
Monitor effects of management on crop nutrient status & soil fertility. |
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Term
| Major considerations for how to take plant samples |
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Definition
time of sampling (plant stage).
Plant part to sample.
Number of plants or plant parts. |
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Term
| Plant sample handling recommendations |
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Definition
Wash.
Minimize exposure to contaminants during storage and processing.
Dry prep if plant analysis.
Cold if tissue testing. |
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Term
| Critical nutrient concentration |
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Definition
| Nutrient level below which crop yield, quality, or performance is unsatisfactory. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical analysis of whole plant or plant parts. Dry tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Analysis of a specific soluble pool of a nutrient in sap. Used for in season monitoring. Leaves, stems, or petioles. |
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Term
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Definition
soil sample collection.
Lab analysis.
Interpretation of results.
Fertilizer or management recommendations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Predict fertilizer requirements |
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Term
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Definition
| Monitor movement or mineralization/immobilization |
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Term
| Why should soil samples be kept cool? |
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Definition
| Avoid microbial transformation of N or S |
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Term
| Depth of sampling, other than N or S |
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Definition
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Term
| Depth of sampling, N or S |
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Definition
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Term
| Variable rate application |
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Definition
Used for:
Non-uniform fields
Topography and soil variations
Improved NUE |
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Term
| Human health issues nitrate in ground water |
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Definition
blue baby syndrome
cancer
diabetes |
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Term
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Definition
10ppm Nitrate N
45ppm Nitrate |
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Term
| Benefits of nitrates human health |
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Definition
meat preservative.
Antibacterial.
Lowers blood pressure. |
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Term
| Wells in Franklin County nitrate ppm |
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Definition
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Term
| Nitrate leaching susceptibility factors |
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Definition
Humid climates
Irrigated crops
High nitrates and soil moisture |
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Term
| Nitrogen fertilizer soil quality issue |
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Definition
| Less diverse rotations and no green manure. Less organic matter. Nitrate and Ammonium can reduce microbial activity. |
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Term
| Nitrogen public safety issues |
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Definition
Air pollution
transportation and handling issues
Meth and bombs |
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Term
| Nitrogen primarily affects what in grains? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hypoxic dead zones caused by: |
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Definition
| algal blooms and decay, depletion of oxygen. |
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Term
| Hypoxic dead zone region example |
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Definition
| Gulf of Mexico from Mississippi river watershed runoff. |
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Term
| Nitrogen functions in plant |
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Definition
Amino acids and proteins
Nucleic acids
Chlorophyll binding magnesium
ATP and ADP |
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Term
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Definition
| older leaf chlorosis and stunting |
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Term
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Definition
| Reddish leaves, shothole appearance. |
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Term
| N forms taken up by plants |
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Definition
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Term
| Typical plant N content and common form |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a microorganism that is able to grow without external sources of fixed nitrogen. Examples of organisms that do this are rhizobia and Frankia and Azospirillum |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria that break down or decompose organic matter |
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Term
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Definition
| First step of nitrification. Ammonium to nitrite. |
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Term
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Definition
| Second step in nitrification. Nitrite to nitrate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Denitrification. Nitrate and Nitrite to atmospheric N. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ammonium to atmospheric N. |
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Term
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Definition
| Atmospheric nitrogen to ammonium or nitrate |
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Term
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Definition
| formation of organic nitrogen compounds like amino acids from inorganic nitrogen compounds present in the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| microorganisms assimilate inorganic nitrogen for the synthesis of proteins and other nitrogen-containing organic compounds |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which inorganic nitrogen is obtained by decomposition of dead organisms and degradation of organic nitrogenous compounds. As this process releases ammonium, it is also known as ammonification, although this term is also used for other dissimilatory processes |
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Term
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Definition
| the primary process that converts reduced organic nitrogen (R–NH2) to reduced inorganic nitrogen (NH4+) through the action of microorganisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| the biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrite followed by the oxidation of the nitrite to nitrate occurring through separate organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| When soils become waterlogged, O2 is excluded and anaerobic conditions occur . Some anaerobic organisms obtain their O2 from NO2 - and NO3 - , with the accompanying release of N2 and N2O. |
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Term
| Anaerobic ammonium oxidation |
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Definition
| the process of oxidizing ammonium through the reduction of nitrite |
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Term
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Definition
| a chemical process that occurs at the soil surface when ammonium from urea or ammonium-containing fertilisers (e.g. urea) is converted to ammonia gas at high pH. Losses are minimal when fertiliser is incorporated, but can be high when fertiliser is surface-applied |
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Term
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Definition
| molecules that combine to form proteins. (Organic N Form) |
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Term
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Definition
| a low cost nitrogen fertilizer form. This is because of its high nitrogen composition and consequent low transport and storage costs |
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Term
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Definition
| any member of either of two classes of nitrogen-containing compounds related to ammonia and amines (organic N form) |
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Term
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Definition
| Gas at atmospheric pressure. 82% N. |
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Term
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Definition
| a popular fertilizer since it provides half of the N in the nitrate form and half in the ammonium form. Solid. |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the first and most widely used nitrogen (N) fertilizers for crop production. It's now less common but especially valuable where both N and sulfur (S) are required. Its high solubility provides versatility for a number of agricultural applications. Solid. |
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Term
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Definition
| a popular liquid N fertilizer. doesn’t need to be injected as deeply as NH₃, which provides benefits during field application and has fewer safety considerations. frequently added to irrigation water and used in flooded soil conditions. Liquid. |
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Term
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Definition
| extremely versatile as a source of plant nutrition. Its chemical properties, make it compatible with many other nutrients and agricultural chemicals, so its frequently mixed with solutions containing phosphorus, potassium and other essential plant nutrients. Fluid fertilizers can be blended to precisely meet the specific needs of a soil or crop. |
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Term
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Definition
| an inorganic ammonium salt composed of ammonium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio. solid. highly soluble and can be added to liquid nitrogen |
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Term
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Definition
High nutrient content in a clear, crystal-free fluid that is stable under a wide temperature range and has a long storage life
Blends fairly easily with other nutrients and crop protection products
Frequently used as a starter fertilizer due to the nutrient content and chemical properties. Liquid. |
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Term
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Definition
| a crop specifically produced to be incorporated into the soil while still green |
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Term
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Definition
| solid, semisolid, and liquid by-products generated by animals grown to produce meat, milk, eggs, and other agricultural products for human use and consumption |
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Term
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Definition
| a mixture of ingredients used to fertilize and improve the soil. It is commonly prepared by decomposing plant and food waste |
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Term
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Definition
| a product of the wastewater treatment process. During wastewater treatment the liquids are separated from the solids. Those solids are then treated physically and chemically to produce a semisolid, nutrient-rich product |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism that cannot produce its own food, instead taking nutrition from other sources of organic carbon, mainly plant or animal matter |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism that produces complex organic compounds using carbon from simple substances such as carbon dioxide, generally using energy from light or inorganic chemical reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to fermentation if oxygen is absent. |
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Term
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Definition
| the first industrial chemical process to use high pressure for a chemical reaction. It directly combines nitrogen from the air with hydrogen under extremely high pressures and moderately high temperatures |
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Term
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Definition
| The adsorption of ammonium ions (NH + 4) into inter-layer sites of the clay minerals, similar to locations of potassium in hydrous mica, which renders them unavailable to plants |
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Term
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Definition
| converts nitrogen in the atmosphere into forms that plants can absorb through their root systems |
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