Term
| What does schizophrenia mean? |
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Definition
“schiz” means split
“phren” means mind |
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Term
| What is the common misinterpretation of schizophrenia? |
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Definition
| The diagnosis of schizophrenia is commonly misinterpreted as a split personality. |
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Term
| What does schizophrenia affect? |
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Definition
Thinking
Language
Emotions
Social behavior
Ability to perceive reality accurately |
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Term
| What commonly occurs with schizophrenia? |
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Definition
Substance abuse disorders
Anxiety
Depression
Suicide
Physical health illness
Polydipsia |
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Term
| What are the biological factors linked to schizophrenia? |
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Definition
Genetic
Brain structure abnormalities
Neurobiologic Theories |
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Term
| What are the neurotransmitter abnormalities associated w/ schizophrenia? Does this affect medications prescribed? |
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Definition
increased dopamine
increased serotonin
GABA
Medications that are prescribed usually block dopamine and serotonin |
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Term
| What are the psychological and environmental factors that cause schizophrenia? |
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Definition
-Prenatal Stressors
+Pregnancy and birth complications
-Psychologic stressors
+Developmental and family stress
-Environmental Stressors
+Social adversity, chronic poverty, and growing up in high crime areas or in a foreign culture
+Use of street drugs increase risk, esp. under 21 years old. |
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Term
| What are the 4 phases of schizophrenia? |
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Definition
Prodromal 1 - Prepsychotic phase
Phase 1 - Acute
Phase 2 - Stabilization
Phase 3 - Maintenance |
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Term
| What are the 4 main symptom groups of schizophrenia? |
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Definition
-Positive
-Negative
-Cognitive
-Affective |
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Term
| What are positive symptoms? |
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Definition
Hallucinations
Delusions
Disorganized speech(associative looseness)
Bizarre Behavior |
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Term
| What are negative symptoms? |
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Definition
Blunted affect
Poverty of thought (alogia)
Loss of motivation (avolition)
Inability to experience pleasure or joy (aphedonia) |
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Term
| What are cognitive symptoms? |
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Definition
Inattention, easily distracted
Impaired memory
Poor problem-solving skills
Poor decision-making skills
Illogical thinking
Impaired judgment |
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Term
| What are affective symptoms? |
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Definition
Dysphoria
Suicidality
Hopelessness |
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Term
| How do all 4 types of symptoms affect the individual? |
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Definition
Ability to work
Interpersonal relationships
Self-care abilities
Social functioning
Quality of life |
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Term
| What are nursing diagnoses based off positive symptoms? |
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Definition
Disturbed sensory perception
Risk for self-directed violence
Risk for other-directed violence
Disturbed thought processes
Impaired verbal communication |
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Term
| What are nursing diagnoses based off negative symptoms? |
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Definition
Social isolation
Impaired social interaction
Risk for loneliness
Chronic low self-esteem
Risk for violence
Ineffective coping
Self-care deficit
Constipation |
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Term
| What is impaired reality testing? |
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Definition
Positive symptom:
Absence of ability to correct errors in thinking |
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Term
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Definition
Positive symptom:
False fixed beliefs that cannot be corrected by reasoning
ideas of reference, persecution, grandiosity, somatic sensations, jealousy, & control |
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Term
| What is concrete thinking? |
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Definition
Positive symptom:
Impaired ability to think abstractly |
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Term
| What is associative looseness? |
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Definition
| Thinking becomes haphazard, illogical or confused. |
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Term
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Definition
| Made-up words that have special meaning for the person for example: I was going to tell him the mannerologies of his hospitality just won't do. |
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Term
| What is clang association? |
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Definition
| Meaningless rhyming words often in a forceful manner |
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Term
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Definition
| Term used to identify a jumble of words that is meaningless to the listener and perhaps to the speaker as well. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pathologic repeating of another’s words |
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Term
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Definition
| Mimicking of the movements of another (Echolalia and echopraxia are common in catatonia.) |
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Term
| What are alterations in perception associated w/ schizophrenia? |
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Definition
Depersonalization- lost identity, example?
Hallucinations (Table 17-2)- false sensory, not external stimulus exist.
Illusions-misinterpretation of the real
Command hallucinations
Derealization- false perception the environment has changed |
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Term
| What can impulse control result in? |
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Definition
| agitated behaviors such as abruptly grabbing the TV remote control and changing channels. |
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Term
| What is extreme motor agitation? |
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Definition
| Excited physical behavior such as running about. |
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Term
| What is stereotyped behavior? |
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Definition
| Motor patterns that are originally had meaning to the person but are no mechanical and lack purpose |
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Term
| What is waxy flexibility? |
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Definition
| Excessive maintenance of posture |
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Term
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Definition
| Refer to a state in which the cationic patient is motionless for long periods of time and may even appear to be in a coma |
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Term
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Definition
Equivalent to resistance
Active Negativism - does the opposite of what they're told
Passive - does not perform expected activities like getting out of bed etc. |
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Term
| What is automatic obedience? |
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Definition
| Performance of catatonic patient of all simple commands in a robot like fashion. |
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Term
| What are the therapeutic strategies when talking to a schizophrenic patient? |
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Definition
Lowering the patient’s anxiety
Decreasing defensive patterns
Encouraging participation in therapeutic and social events
Raising feelings of self-worth
Increasing medication compliance |
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Term
| What should you do for hallucinations? |
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Definition
1.) Watch for cues (Eyes darting etc.)
2.) Ask patient directly what the voices are telling them to do
3.) If voices are telling them to harm themselves -
+ Notify appropriate authority
4.) Document what they say
5.) Accept that voices are real to patients but explain that you don't hear them
6.) Present a calm demeanor
7.) Keep focused on simple and basic real topics
8.) Help patient identify times of hallucinations
9.) Assess for anxiety, fear agitation etc. |
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Term
| What should you do for delusions? |
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Definition
1.) Are external controls needed if they are agitated or think someone is going to hurt them?
2.) Be aware that delusions may represent how they experience reality
3.) Identify feelings
4.) Do not argue
5.) do not touch
6.) Offer food and drink in closed containers
7.) Engage patient in reality based activities
8.) Observe for events that trigger delusions
9.) Use restrictive interventions if anxiety escalates out of control |
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Term
| What is important in family therapy for schizophrenia? |
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Definition
Psychologic strategies aimed at reducing psychotic symptoms
Teaching patient and family about illness
Recognizing effect of stress
Psychosocial activities
Identifying support sources
Medication groups for patients and family |
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Term
| What is the goal in phase 1? |
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Definition
Goal: Patient safety and medical stabilization
Interventions are based on this fact |
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Term
| What is the goal in phase 2 and 3? |
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Definition
| Focus: To help the patient to adhere to the medication regimen, understanding their disease, and participating in available psychoeducational activities. |
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Term
| Who is apart of the inpatient treatment team? |
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Definition
-Social work dpt
-Community support staff
-Group therapy |
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Term
| Who is apart of the Residential alternative to hospitalization? |
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Definition
-Health and human services
-Family support groups
-Social, vocational, and self-care providers |
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Term
| Who is apart of the community crisis intervention? |
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Definition
-Day treatment or a variety of community support
-Group therapists and self-help groups
-Family, employer, community support staff |
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Term
| Who is apart of the internalist and neurologist? |
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Definition
| Practitioners of behavioral therapies using educational models and cognitive restructuring. |
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Term
| What are 2 resources available for schizophrenics and their families/ |
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Definition
Mental Health America
National Alliance on Mental Illness |
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Term
| What is your best intervention when you assess that a patient is responding to an auditory hallucination? |
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Definition
Ask the patient, “Can you tell me what you are hearing?”
Knowing what the patient is hearing is important. A command hallucination could result in injury to self or others. For example, the voice may be telling the patient to self mutilate. |
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