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| one person one vote standard, each individual had to be weighted equally in legislature apportionment. |
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| actual enumeration, conducted every 10yr per the Constitution to determine representation in the House of Representatives. |
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| a form of political participation that reflects on a conscious decision to break a law believed to be immoral to suffer the consequences. |
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| loss or no govt regulation of economy, privatization of health care, retirement benefits, welfare. Low taxes, pro life, higher military spending, less govt role in promoting social equality. |
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| the science of population changes |
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| public opinion surveys by major media pollsters to predict electoral winners with speed and precision. |
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| term that refers to the regular pattern by which women are more likely to support liberal or democratic candidates than men |
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| Manipulate the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) so as to favor one party or class. |
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| developed the science of public polling |
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| voting for parties based on which one would benefit groups that voters belonged or supported. |
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| When voters vote along primarily, idealogical lines. |
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| Government regulation of economy, health care, help for the poor, civil rights. Pro-Choice, separation of church and state, less military spending, taxing of the rich. |
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| mixing of cultures, ideas, and peoples that has changed the American nation. |
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| the emergence of the non caucasian majority, as compared with a white, anglo-saxon majority. |
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| Nature of the Times Voters |
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| Voting one political party who is linked to good times. |
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| they vote for candidates on their personality but not on issues or idealogical reasons. |
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| an overall set of values widely shared within a society |
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| a citizen's capacity to understand and influence political events. |
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| a coherent set of beliefs about politics, public policy, and public purpose. It helps give meaning to political events, personalities, and policies. |
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| the process through with a young person acquires political ideologies usually base on inputs from parents, teachers, the media, and friends. |
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| a democratic value that depends on citizens being reasonably tolerant of the opinions and actions of parents, teaches, the media, and friends |
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| a form of political participation designed to achieve policy change through dramatic and unconventional tactics. |
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| the distribution of the population's beliefs about politics and policy issues. |
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| a technique used by pollsters to place telephone calls randomly to both listed and unlisted numbers when conducting a survey. |
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| the key technique employed by sophisticated survey researchers, which operates on the principle that everyone should have an equal probability of being selected for the sample. |
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| the process of reallocating seats in the House of Representatives every 10 yeas on the basis of the result of the census. |
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| the re-drawing of district lines by the state legislature after the 435 seats of the house are re-apportioned and each state receives its apportioned number of seats. |
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| a relatively small proportion of people who are chosen in a survey so as to rep the whole. |
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| the level of confidence in the findings of a public opinion poll. The more people interviewed, the more confident one can be of the results |
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| required employers to attest to their employees' immigration status and made it illegal to knowingly recruit unauthorized immigrants. |
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| an unoffical poll or vote taken to determine the opinion of a group or the public on some issue. |
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| specific locations from which news frequently emanates, congress, the White House. Reporters who work specific beats become specialist in that area. |
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| Newspapers published by massive media conglomerates that account for over four fifths of the nations' daily newspaper circulation. They often control broadcast media as well. |
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| a politics in which the behavior or citizens and policy makers and the political agenda itself are increasingly shaped by technology. |
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| the use of in-depth reporting to unearth scandals, scams, and schemes, at times putting reporters in adversarial relationships with political leaders or the activity of the news reporters trying to discover information which is put on which is of public interest but which someone might be keeping hidden. |
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| Means of poplar communication such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and the internet. |
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| media programming on cable tv or the internet that is focused on one topic and aimed at a particular audience. |
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| people who invest their political capital in an issue. They could be in or out of the government, in elected or appointed positions, in interest groups or research organizations. |
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| Meetings of public officials with reporters |
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| short video, approx 10 secs long |
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| a shot of a person's face talking directly to the camera. Today, most major commercial networks rarely show a politician talking one on one for very long. |
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| a tentative action or statement designed to test public opinion on a controversial matter. Also may be an intentional news leak to access public reaction. |
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| tax exempt organizations created primarily to influence the monition, election, appointment, or defeat of candidates for public office. They are not regulated by the FEC and not subject to the same limits as PACs. |
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| the part of the potential group consisting of members who actually join. |
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| legal briefs submitted by a "friends of the court" for the purpose of raising additional points of view and presenting information not contained in the briefs of the formal parties. |
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| lawsuits permitting a small number of people to sue on behalf of all other people similarly situated. |
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| something of value such as money, clean air, a tax write off, that cannot be withheld from a group member. |
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| direct group involvement in the electoral process such as funding campaigns, providing testimony, and getting members to work for campaigns through the use of PACs |
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| Federal Communications Commission FCC |
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| govt agency that allows radio or television stations to operate with a license. |
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| the problem faced by unions and other groups when people do not join because they can benefit from the groups activities without officially joining. According to Mancur Olson, the bigger the group, the more serious the problem because it will fall short of providing an optimal amount of a collective good |
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| interest groups appeal to the public to influence policymakers through advertisement primarily. |
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| an organization of people with shared policy goals entering the policy process at several points to try to achieve these goals. Interest groups main objective is to influence the policy makers. |
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| also know as sub governments, composed of interest group leaders interested in a particular policy, the govt agency in charge of administering that policy, and the members of congressional committees and subcommittees handling that policy |
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| to engage in legal proceedings. |
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| communication method used by interest groups to influence policymakers into making policies that favor the interest groups. The Lobbying Disclosure act of 1995 requires the disclosure of lobbying activities intended to influence the federal govt. |
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| Political Action Committees PACs |
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| these are political funding vehicles used by interest groups. Created in the 1974 campaign finance reforms, these groups must register with the FEC (Federal Trade Commission) |
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| all people who might be interest group members because they share some common interest. A potential group is almost always larger than the actual group. |
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| when government officials quit their jobs to take positions as lobbyists or consultants to business. Criticized because it gives private interests unfair influence over govt decisions. |
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| a state law forbidding requirements that a worker must join a union to hold their jobs. |
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| goods such as information flyers, travel discounts, or group insurance rates that a group can provide to those who pay their annual dues. |
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| a campaign staffer who tires to influence journalists with interpretations of events that are favorable to a particular candidate. |
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| a network of groups with the American political system that exercise a great deal of control over specific policy areas. |
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| a provision found in some collective bargaining agreements requiring all employees of a business to join the union and to remain remembers as a condition of employment |
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