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| Name 6 ways to "eat right." |
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Definition
| balanced diet, limit fat intake, eat fruits & vegetables, don't over-eat, limit sugar intake, follow the food pyramid |
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| unit of heat-amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 degree Celsius |
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| (capital) 1000 calories, kilocalorie, unit used to measure the amount of energy in the food we eat |
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Term
| What is the goal of good nutrition? |
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Definition
| to build cells, repair and maintain them, provide energy to get through the day |
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Term
| What are examples of nutrients? |
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Definition
| carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals |
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| Guidelines developed by nutritionists to determine how much of various food groups to eat for a balanced diet. |
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Definition
| food pyramid, serving size varies depending on body type, subject to intense lobbying by agricultural industries |
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Term
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Definition
| raw materials our body needs to do it's job |
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Definition
| needed in large amounts, water carbohydrates, proteins, fats |
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Definition
| needed in small amounts, vitamins, minerals |
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Definition
| helps disperse nutrients, eliminate waste, maintain blood pressure, maintain homeostasis |
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Term
| What can dehydration cause? |
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Definition
| muscle cramps, fatigue, headache, dizziness, nausea, confusion, increase in heart rate, can lead to hallucinations, heat stroke, death |
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Term
| what is water intoxication? |
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Definition
| imbalance of electrolytes, leads to disruption of body functions |
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Term
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Definition
| sugars used for energy and structure, major source for energy for the body, bread, cereal, rice, pasta, help digest proteins and fats |
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Definition
| anything with one C, two H's, and one O, ex. Glucose |
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Definition
| Table sugar, glucose & fructose, disaccharide |
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Term
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Definition
| many rings, complex carbohydrates, polymer |
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Definition
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Definition
| animal muscle contains it |
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Definition
| better for you, energy released from them lasts longer, more spread out, fiber, minerals, vitamins |
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| mostly found in complex carbohydrates, body doesn't have enzymes to digest fiber well, lowers cholesterol, maintains HDL, decreases LDL interacts with water, may help decrease risk for some cancers |
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Definition
| large organic molecules in living things, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids |
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Definition
| (found in fish, meat, beans, eggs, nuts, dairy, plant material) needed for structure in the cell, muscle action, immune response, enzymes & speed-up of chemical reactions, hormones, transporting molecules in cells, makes up 15% of diet, strings of amino acids, joined by peptide bonds, |
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Term
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Definition
| small molecules joined together, 20 different groups |
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Term
| non-essential amino acids |
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Definition
| body can make these from other compounds, |
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Definition
| body is unable to synthesize these |
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Definition
| hydrophobic (nonpolar), 3 major groups: fats, steroids, phospholipids |
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Definition
| energy & energy storage, insulation (regulates temperature), tissue repair, structural cell-membranes, lubricates joints, blood clotting, vitamin absorption |
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Definition
| solid @ room temperature, all carbons have hydrogen attachment, no double bonds |
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Definition
| usually liquid @ room temperature, 1 or more bonds with a double carbon, cis & trans, needed in cell membranes because it makes them fluid |
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Definition
| majority of acids, 2 double bonds on SAME side, in both plants & animals |
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Definition
| 2 double bonds on OPPOSITE sides, not digested as well, raises bad cholesterol, stores better after composition, disrupt interactions |
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Definition
| common steroid in animal cell membranes, 5% of lipids in body, "4 rings," help digest fats needed to produce hormones, helps for interactions in cell |
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Definition
| both hydrophobic AND hydrophilic characteristics |
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Definition
| positive: source of aerobic energy, prolongs digestion, transports vitamins, you should eat no more than 65g/day of fats (20-25% of diet) |
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Definition
| natural oils, olive oil, peanut oil, lowers cholesterol |
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| organic, most can't be made by the body (only vitamin D),act as co-enzymes to speed up reactions, help absorb other nutrients |
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| inorganic (no carbon) essential for fluid balance, muscle contraction, nerve impulse conduction, building bones & teeth |
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| substances that help protect cell damage from "reactive oxygen species", oxygen is the most common source of free radicals in humans, antioxidants "mop up" free radicals, preventing damage to DNA & other molecules... sources of free radicals: tobacco, UV radiation, environment, but also...normal process in immune response to germs |
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